Flashcards in Contemporary Classification (C. Diarthrosis....Common Features) Deck (23):
1
What are the characteristics of the type I articular receptors?
Located in the superficial layer of the fibrous capsule, resemble Ruffini endings, most numerous in cervical zygapophyses and they monitor the joint "at rest"
2
What are the characteristics of type II articular receptors?
Located in deeper strata of the fibrous capsule, resemble Pacinian corpuscles, most numerous in the cervical spine, and monitor the joint during normal range of motion
3
What are the characteristics of type III articular receptors?
Present in collateral and intrinsic ligaments, intrinsic ligaments, resemble Golgi tendon organs, not initially observed along the vertebral column and monitor extreme joint motion
4
What is the function of type IV articular receptors?
Nociceptive, they monitor pain
5
Type IVb articular receptors would be present in what locations?
Accessory ligamnets in general, dense in th eposterior longituddinal ligament of the spine
6
What are the three modifications of articular synovial membrane?
(1) synovial villi
(2) articular fat pads or Haversian glands
(3) synovial menisci and intra-articular discs
7
What is the generic function of modifications of articular synovial membrane?
Aid in spreading synovial fluid
8
What is the apparent function of synovial villi?
Increase the surface of synovial membrane available for secretion -- absorption phenomena
9
Articular fat pads are most numerous in what location along the vertebral column?
Lumbar zygapophyses
10
What is the unique name of the inner or lumenal layer of the synovial membrane?
Synovial lamina intima
11
What are the specific functions of type A synovial cells?
Are phagocytic
12
What is the specific function of type B synovial cells?
Secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid
13
What are examples of glycosaminoglycans important in articular cartilage?
Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates, and keratin sulfate
14
What is the primary function of bound glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage?
Form a network for water retention
15
What is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?
Cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property
16
What is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties?
Cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time dependent property
17
Which theory of joint lubrication implies a loss of fluid from the cartilage into the joint space during compression results in increased viscosity of the synovial fluid?
Weeping theory
18
Which theory of joint lubrication implies water loss from the synovial fluid increases viscosity of the remaining synovial fluid?
Boosted theory
19
Which theory of joint lubrication implies an adsorption of lubricant onto cartilage surfaces is responsible for the low-friction observed during movement?
Boundary theory
20
What are the properties of synovial fluid?
It is yellow-white, viscous, slightly alkaline, and tastes salty
21
Which substance in synovial fluid was first though to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?
Hyaluronate
22
What substance of synovial fluid has been proposed to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?
Lubricin
23