Contemporary Classification (C. Diarthrosis....Common Features) Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the characteristics of the type I articular receptors?
Located in the superficial layer of the fibrous capsule, resemble Ruffini endings, most numerous in cervical zygapophyses and they monitor the joint “at rest”
What are the characteristics of type II articular receptors?
Located in deeper strata of the fibrous capsule, resemble Pacinian corpuscles, most numerous in the cervical spine, and monitor the joint during normal range of motion
What are the characteristics of type III articular receptors?
Present in collateral and intrinsic ligaments, intrinsic ligaments, resemble Golgi tendon organs, not initially observed along the vertebral column and monitor extreme joint motion
What is the function of type IV articular receptors?
Nociceptive, they monitor pain
Type IVb articular receptors would be present in what locations?
Accessory ligamnets in general, dense in th eposterior longituddinal ligament of the spine
What are the three modifications of articular synovial membrane?
(1) synovial villi
(2) articular fat pads or Haversian glands
(3) synovial menisci and intra-articular discs
What is the generic function of modifications of articular synovial membrane?
Aid in spreading synovial fluid
What is the apparent function of synovial villi?
Increase the surface of synovial membrane available for secretion – absorption phenomena
Articular fat pads are most numerous in what location along the vertebral column?
Lumbar zygapophyses
What is the unique name of the inner or lumenal layer of the synovial membrane?
Synovial lamina intima
What are the specific functions of type A synovial cells?
Are phagocytic
What is the specific function of type B synovial cells?
Secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid
What are examples of glycosaminoglycans important in articular cartilage?
Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates, and keratin sulfate
What is the primary function of bound glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage?
Form a network for water retention
What is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?
Cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property
What is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties?
Cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time dependent property
Which theory of joint lubrication implies a loss of fluid from the cartilage into the joint space during compression results in increased viscosity of the synovial fluid?
Weeping theory
Which theory of joint lubrication implies water loss from the synovial fluid increases viscosity of the remaining synovial fluid?
Boosted theory
Which theory of joint lubrication implies an adsorption of lubricant onto cartilage surfaces is responsible for the low-friction observed during movement?
Boundary theory
What are the properties of synovial fluid?
It is yellow-white, viscous, slightly alkaline, and tastes salty
Which substance in synovial fluid was first though to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?
Hyaluronate
What substance of synovial fluid has been proposed to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?
Lubricin
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Provides a nutritive source for articular cartilage and supply the lubricant for the cartilage surface
