Flashcards in Regions of the Vertebral Column: Cervical Region (Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3-C6) Deck (61):
1
Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?
Ant bear, three-toed sloth
2
Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?
Two-towed sloth, manatee
3
Which vertebrae are typically cervicals?
C3-C6
4
Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?
C1, C2, C7
5
What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view?
Rectangular
6
What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?
Posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters
7
What would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?
Posterior or kyphotic
8
What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?
The intervertebral disc height
9
What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?
Anterior or lordotic
10
At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?
C5/C6
11
What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
Anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes
12
What are the names of the lateral modification of the superior epiphyseal rim?
Uncinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip
13
What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
Anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral frooves
14
What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
Anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves
15
What are the names given to the lateral modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim?
Lateral groove or enchancrure
16
What is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior groove articulation?
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
17
What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?
Modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)
18
What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
19
How many joint surfaces are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?
Five
20
How many joint surfaces are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?
Five
21
How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?
Ten
22
How many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?
Four
23
What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?
Joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint
24
What does the recent literature suggest as to the nature of the joint of Luschka?
The joint is representative of intervertebral disc aging which results in loss of lamellar integrity near the joint
25
What is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?
It appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion - extension and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine
26
What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?
The longus colli muscle
27
What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle for a typical cervical?
Posterolateral, 45 degrees
28
What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervcial?
Ligamentum flavum
29
What joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum and its attachment?
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
30
Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?
Para-articular processes
31
Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be associated with which classification of bone?
Accessory bone
32
Ossification within the length of the ligamentum flavum will be associated with which classification of bone?
Heterotopic bone
33
What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical cervical vertebra?
Heart-shaped or triangular
34
Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical cervical?
Transverse
35
What soft tissue diameter mimics the outline of the typical cervical vertebral foramen?
The transverse diameter of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord
36
The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at ___?
C6
37
The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?
C5/C6
38
List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body.
Costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process
39
What muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?
Anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransversarii
40
What is the distal modification of the true transverse process of typical cervicals?
The posterior tubercle
41
What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?
Splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, posterior scalene, rotators and posterior intertransversarii
42
What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?
Middle scalene and posterior intertransversarii
43
What is the name given to the collective rib-forming region?
The pleurapophysis
44
What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?
Sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
45
What is the orientation and angulation of typical cervical transverse process?
60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane)
46
What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?
The carotid tubercle
47
What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?
The vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus ans postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers
48
What is the name of the lamina-pedicle junction of typical cervical vertebrae?
The articular pillar
49
What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?
The groove/sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
50
What nerve indents the articular pillar of typical cervical vertebrae?
The medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
51
What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?
40 to 45 degrees from the coronal plane
52
What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?
Backward, upward, medial (BUM)
53
What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?
Forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)
54
What muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes?
The longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis and rotators
55
What muscle blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses?
The semispinalis capitis, multifidis, and rotator longus
56
What modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?
Meniscoidal folds
57
The greatest range of flexion-extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?
Typically C5/C6
58
What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?
Lateral bending and axial rotation
59
Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples?
The C2/C3, C3/C4, C4/C5 vertebral couples
60
Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will being to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?
The C5/C6 vertebral couple
61