Regions of the Vertebral Column: Cervical Region (Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3-C6)

Question 1

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?

Answer 1

Ant bear, three-toed sloth

Question 2

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

Answer 2

Two-towed sloth, manatee

Question 3

Which vertebrae are typically cervicals?

Answer 3

C3-C6

Question 4

Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?

Answer 4

C1, C2, C7

Question 5

What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view?

Answer 5

Rectangular

Question 6

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

Answer 6

Posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

Question 7

What would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?

Answer 7

Posterior or kyphotic

Question 8

What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?

Answer 8

The intervertebral disc height

Question 9

What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?

Answer 9

Anterior or lordotic

Question 10

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

Answer 10

C5/C6

Question 11

What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

Answer 11

Anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes

Question 12

What are the names of the lateral modification of the superior epiphyseal rim?

Answer 12

Uncinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip

Question 13

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

Answer 13

Anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral frooves

Question 14

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

Answer 14

Anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves

Question 15

What are the names given to the lateral modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim?

Answer 15

Lateral groove or enchancrure

Question 16

What is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior groove articulation?

Answer 16

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

Question 17

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

Answer 17

Modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

Question 18

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

Answer 18

Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

Question 19

How many joint surfaces are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

Answer 19

Five

Question 20

How many joint surfaces are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

Answer 20

Five

Question 21

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

Answer 21

Ten

Question 22

How many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

Answer 22

Four

Question 23

What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

Answer 23

Joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

Question 24

What does the recent literature suggest as to the nature of the joint of Luschka?

Answer 24

The joint is representative of intervertebral disc aging which results in loss of lamellar integrity near the joint

Question 25

What is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?

Answer 25

It appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion - extension and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine

Question 26

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

Answer 26

The longus colli muscle

Question 27

What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle for a typical cervical?

Answer 27

Posterolateral, 45 degrees

Question 28

What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervcial?

Answer 28

Ligamentum flavum

Question 29

What joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum and its attachment?

Answer 29

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

Question 30

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?

Answer 30

Para-articular processes

Question 31

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be associated with which classification of bone?

Answer 31

Accessory bone

Question 32

Ossification within the length of the ligamentum flavum will be associated with which classification of bone?

Answer 32

Heterotopic bone

Question 33

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical cervical vertebra?

Answer 33

Heart-shaped or triangular

Question 34

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical cervical?

Answer 34

Transverse

Question 35

What soft tissue diameter mimics the outline of the typical cervical vertebral foramen?

Answer 35

The transverse diameter of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord

Question 36

The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at ___?

Answer 36

C6

Question 37

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?

Answer 37

C5/C6

Question 38

List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body.

Answer 38

Costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

Question 39

What muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

Answer 39

Anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransversarii

Question 40

What is the distal modification of the true transverse process of typical cervicals?

Answer 40

The posterior tubercle

Question 41

What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

Answer 41

Splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, posterior scalene, rotators and posterior intertransversarii

Question 42

What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?

Answer 42

Middle scalene and posterior intertransversarii

Question 43

What is the name given to the collective rib-forming region?

Answer 43

The pleurapophysis

Question 44

What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?

Answer 44

Sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

Question 45

What is the orientation and angulation of typical cervical transverse process?

Answer 45

60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane)

Question 46

What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

Answer 46

The carotid tubercle

Question 47

What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?

Answer 47

The vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus ans postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

Question 48

What is the name of the lamina-pedicle junction of typical cervical vertebrae?

Answer 48

The articular pillar

Question 49

What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?

Answer 49

The groove/sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

Question 50

What nerve indents the articular pillar of typical cervical vertebrae?

Answer 50

The medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

Question 51

What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?

Answer 51

40 to 45 degrees from the coronal plane

Question 52

What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?

Answer 52

Backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Question 53

What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?

Answer 53

Forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

Question 54

What muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes?

Answer 54

The longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis and rotators

Question 55

What muscle blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses?

Answer 55

The semispinalis capitis, multifidis, and rotator longus

Question 56

What modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?

Answer 56

Meniscoidal folds

Question 57

The greatest range of flexion-extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?

Answer 57

Typically C5/C6

Question 58

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?

Answer 58

Lateral bending and axial rotation

Question 59

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples?

Answer 59

The C2/C3, C3/C4, C4/C5 vertebral couples

Question 60

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will being to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?

Answer 60

The C5/C6 vertebral couple

Question 61

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

Answer 61

The spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis