Covalent bonding

Question 1

Covalent bonding is electron _________

Answer 1

sharing

Question 2

Covalent bonding occurs because the bonding atom’s elctronegativities are very ______

Answer 2

close

Question 3

Covalent bonding does not form _____, it forms ______

Answer 3

Ions, molecules

Question 4

Covalent bonds are formed between __________

Answer 4

non-metals

Question 5

Shared electrons are called _______, excess electrons are called _________

Answer 5

bonding pair, lone pairs

Question 6

How to draw a covalent compound

Answer 6

1) Add up the # of valence electrons in the compound

2) Draw atoms with bonds between them

3) Determine which elements require additional electrons

Question 7

What elements are drawn in the middle of covalent compounds?

Answer 7

Elements with the lowest EN; listed first

(Exception: H)

Question 8

Sigma bonds

Answer 8

line directly connecting two atoms; 1st bonding pair/single bonds

Question 9

Pi bonds

Answer 9

indirect/overlapping bonds connecting atoms

Question 10

VSEPR

Answer 10

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

Question 11

How do you determine electron geometry?

Answer 11

look at how many electron regions surround the central atom

Question 12

2 electron regions–>

Answer 12

Linear, 180

Question 13

3 electron regions–>

Answer 13

Trigonal Planar, 120

Question 14

4 electron regions–>

Answer 14

Tetrahedral, 109.5

Question 15

How to determine molecular geometry?

Answer 15

First determine electron geometry, then determine the number of lone pairs (VSEPR)

Question 16

Trigonal EG… possible Molecular Geometries?

Answer 16

0 lone pairs - trigonal planar
1 lone pair - bent

Question 17

Tetrahedral EG… possible Molecular Geometries?

Answer 17

0 lone pairs - tetrahedral
1 lone pair - trigonal pyramidal
2 lone pairs - bent

Question 18

How do you name a binary covalent compound?

Answer 18

1) Element w/ lower EN first
2) ending of the last element changed to -ide
3) apply proper prefixes

Question 19

Prefixes…

Answer 19

Mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hept, oct

Ex: if there is only one of the 1st written element, we do not put mono-

Question 20

If there is no difference in EN, ______ will be formed

Answer 20

Non-polar covalent bond (same non-metals)

Question 21

If there is medium difference in EN, ______ will be formed

Answer 21

Polar covalent bond (different non-metals)

Question 22

If there is large difference in EN, ______ will be formed

Answer 22

ionic bond (metal and non-metal)

Question 23

Polarity is _____

Answer 23

uneven charge distribution

Question 24

Least polar type of bond, most polar

Answer 24

NPCB, IB

Question 25

The atom with greater EN gains a _____ dipole, the atom with lesser EN gains a _____ dipole

Answer 25

negative, positive

Question 25

Polar molecules are called _____

Answer 25

dipoles

Question 26

Molecular polarity is affected by...

Answer 26

bond type and symmetry

Question 27

In a polar covalent bond, asymmetry makes it _____, symmetry makes it _______

Answer 27

Polar, non-polar

Question 28

Ionic Bonding

Answer 28

The transfer of one or more valence electrons from one atom to another Forms an Anion and Cation

Question 29

Polyatomic Ion

Answer 29

a group of atoms bonded together that has a charge name does not end in -ide (Exceptions: cyanide, peroxide, hydroxide)

Question 30

Transition Metals

Answer 30

Roman numerals show charge

Question 31

Electronegativity General trends

Answer 31

As you go across a period, electronegativity increases As you go down a group, electronegativity decreases Noble gases have the lowest electronegativity

Question 32

Intermolecular (Van der Waals) Forces

Answer 32

Forces that cause molecules to one another due to partial charged poles

Question 33

3 kinds of IMFs ranked by strength

Answer 33

Hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole forces, london dispersion forces

Question 34

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 34

Only occur between compounds containing hydrogen with N, O, or F

Question 35

Dipole-dipole force

Answer 35

due to permanent partial charges on dipoles

Question 36

London dispersion forces

Answer 36

occurs in molecules which would otherwise be non-polar - slight temporary imbalances in electron structure

Question 37

Chemical bonds

Answer 37

Bonded atoms have lower energy than single atoms bond forms - exothermic bond breaks - endothermic

Question 38

metallic bonds

Answer 38

formed between the attraction of mobile valence electrons and positive ions - mobile electrons good conductivity, malleable, and ductile Element symbol

Question 39

properties of metallic bond

Answer 39

high boiling point very hard always conductive not soluble

Question 40

properties of ionic bond

Answer 40

high boiling point very hard not conductive as a solid high solubility

Question 41

properties of a covalent bond

Answer 41

low boiling point soft never conductive low solubility

Question 42

network solids

Answer 42

large macromolecules - graph paper atoms covalently bonded together in a continous fashion

Question 43

properties of a network solid

Answer 43

high boiling point very hard not conductive ex: diamond