Curvatures of the Column (Normal Curvatures, Abnormal Curvatures)

Question 1

Why is the posterior curve also called the primary curve?

Answer 1

It is the first curve to appear embryologically

Question 2

What are the adult remnants of the primary curve along the vertebral column?

Answer 2

The thoracic or dorsal curve and the pelvic or sacrococcygeal curve

Question 3

What are the names given to curves which form during development to reverse the direction of the regions along the vertebral column?

Answer 3

Anterior curve, secondary curve, compensatory curve

Question 4

What are the names of the anterior curves, secondary curves, and compensatory curves?

Answer 4

Cervical curve and lumbar curve

Question 5

What is the earliest time of appearance of the cervical curve?

Answer 5

The third fetal month

Question 6

What is the traditional time of appearance of the cervical curve said to be?

Answer 6

During the last trimester in utero

Question 7

What is the time during which the “adult” cervical curve is said to appear?

Answer 7

Within the first year after birth

Question 8

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult cervical curve?

Answer 8

1. Centers for vision and equilibrium will appear in teh brain
2. Musculature attaching the skull, cervical region, and upper thorax together develops
3. The head is held upright
4. The intervertebral disc height becomes greater anterior than posetrior

Question 9

At what age will the infant begin to hold the head erect?

Answer 9

Usually between the third and fourth month after birth

Question 10

What is the name given to the integration of visual and motor pathways associated with holding the head erect?

Answer 10

The righting reflex

Question 11

What is the location for the cervical kyphosis?

Answer 11

Between occiput and C1

Question 12

What is the time of appearance of the lumbar curve?

Answer 12

Between 12 and 18 months after birth

Question 13

What infant activities are associated with the developmental of the lumbar curve?

Answer 13

Crawling and walking

Question 14

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult lumbar curve?

Answer 14

1. Crawling will cause the abdomen to put tension on the lumbar region and pulls it forward
2. Muscle development is promoted to compensate for the swayback of the lumbars
3. Intervertebral disc height will become greater anterior compared to posterior
4. Walking will further promote muscle and intervertebral disc development

Question 15

What is the vertebral relationship between the lumbar curve and the lumbar enlargement?

Answer 15

Lumbar curve T12-L5; lumbar enlargement T9-T12

Question 16

What is the formation of the lateral curve often correlated with?

Answer 16

Faster development of the muscles on the side of handedness

Question 17

What is the formation of the lateral curve often correlated with?

Answer 17

Faster development of the muscles on the side of handedness

Question 18

What is the time of appearance of the lateral curves?

Answer 18

They appear after 6 years old

Question 19

What names are given to conditions associated with abnormal curves of the vertebral column?

Answer 19

Lordosis, kyphosis, socliosis

Question 20

What is the definition of lordosis?

Answer 20

A forward bending condition

Question 21

What is the definition of kypyhosis?

Answer 21

A humpback or hunchback condition

Question 22

What is the definition of scoliosis?

Answer 22

A warped or crooked condition

Question 23

What clinical examples of abnormal curvatures along the vertebral column were stressed in class?

Answer 23

Military neck, humpback or hunchback, and swayback

Question 24

What is military neck?

Answer 24

A decreased anterior curve in the cervical region, a straight neck

Question 25

What is humpback or hunchback?

Answer 25

An increased posterior curve in the thoracic region

Question 26

What is swayback?

Answer 26

An increased anterior curve in the lumbar region

Question 27

What does the used o the term lordotic try to imply?

Answer 27

A normal cervical and normal lumbar anterior curve

Question 28

What dose the used of the term kyphotic try to imply?

Answer 28

A normal thoracic or dorsal and normal pelvic or sacrococcygeal posterior curve

Question 29

What prefixes are used to convey abnormality in curve patterns?

Answer 29

Hyper and hypo

Question 30

What are the curve classifications for military neck?

Answer 30

A kyphosis or hypolordotic curve

Question 31

What are the curve classifications for humpback or hunchback?

Answer 31

A kyphosis or hyperkyphotic curve

Question 32

What are the curve classifications for swayback?

Answer 32

A lordosis or hyperlordotic curve

Question 33

What are the classifications of scoliosis according to the Scoliosis Research Society?

Answer 33

Magnitude, location, direction, etiology, structural scoliosis, and non-structural scoliosis

Question 34

What is often used to measure the magnitude of scoliosis?

Answer 34

The Cobb Methosd

Question 35

What does location of scoliosis infer?

Answer 35

The location on the vertebral segment forming the apex of the curve deviation

Question 36

What does direction of scoliosis refer to?

Answer 36

The side the convexity of the curve will bend toward

Question 37

What does etiology of scoliosis mean?

Answer 37

The cause of the scoliosis?

Question 38

Based on age of onset, what are the types of idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 38

Infantile, juvenile, and adolescent

Question 39

What is the age range for infantile idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 39

From birth to 3 years old

Question 40

What is the age range for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 40

From 3 years old to 10 years old

Question 41

What is the age range for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 41

Over 10 years odl

Question 42

Identify the curve direction, location, gender bias, and incidence of infantile idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 42

Left thoracic, male, less than 1% incidence

Question 43

Identify the curve direction , location, gender bias, and incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 43

Right thoracic or right thoracic and left lumbar, females, 80% incidence

Question 44

What is the relationship between curve deviation, incidence, and curve worsening?

Answer 44

The greater the deviation, the lower the incidence, and the more likely to worsen