Hypothesis Testing

Question 1

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 1

A statement made about the value of the population parameter that we wish to test by collecting evidence in the form of a sample

Question 2

What is the null hypothesis?

Answer 2

H0 the default position- nothing has changed unless proven otherwise
* the value that you’d expect

eg: the coin is fair p=0.5

Question 3

Wha is the alternate hypothesis?

Answer 3

H1: there has been some change in population parameter

eg: the coin is biased towards heads p>0.5

Question 4

What is a test statistic?

Answer 4

• the evidence from the sample
  Test statistic X is what we observed
  Eg: the number of heads seen in 10 throws

a distribution

Question 5

what is the level of significance ?

Answer 5

the maximum probability where we could reject the null hypothesis

Question 6

what is a hypothesis test?

Answer 6

using statistical techniques to test a particular claim ot theory

Question 7

what is the p value?

Answer 7

the probability that you obtain a value as extreme as the test statistic

Question 8

what are the 7 steps to carrying out a hypothesis test?

Answer 8

1. dtermine if it is a one tail ot two tailed test
2. define the test statistic and the parameters (probaility) that you want to investigate
3. define the null and alternate hypotheses
4. accurately calculate the test statistic
5. compare the test statistic to the theoretical probaility
6. decide whether the evidence supports or rejects the null hypotheisis
7. write a conculsion in context, refernecing a defined parameter

Question 9

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Question 10

What is the notation for null and alternate hypothesis

Answer 10

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Question 17

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Question 18

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Question 19

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Question 20

What is the critical region?

Answer 20

The range of values of the test statistic that would lead you to rejecting H0 (null hypothesis)

Question 21

What is the critical value?

Answer 21

The values on the boundary of the critical region

Question 22

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Question 23

How does the critical value vary for positive and negative tails ?

Answer 23

Positive : value after the first that exceeds 95%
Negative: the first value that goes under the significance level

Question 24

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Question 25

What is the actual significance level?

Answer 25

The actual probability of being in the critical region

Question 26

What is the actual significance level?

Answer 26

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Question 30

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