Flashcards in MCP - Turner - Lipids and Their Metabolism - 2/20 Deck (32)
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1
How are triglycerides stored?
In an anhydrous state
2
Compared to carbohydrates, fat provides ___ times the metabolic energy per gram of tissue.
Six
3
What is the ionization state of fatty acids in vivo?
pKa 4.8, ionization state is negative
4
T/F: Most human fatty acids have an even number of carbons.
True
5
How do ionized fatty acids appear in the cell?
They aggregate into micelles.
6
C14, 0 double bonds, the acid is myristic, the salt is:
myristate,
14:0
7
C16, __ double bonds, the acid is palmitic, the salt is palmitate.
0
16:0
8
C16, 1 double bond, the acid is palmitoleic, the salt is:
palmitoleate
16:1delta9 (location of double bonds)
16:1omega7
9
___, 0 double bonds, the acid is stearic, the salt is stearate.
C18
18:0
10
C18, 1 double bond, the acid is ____, the salt is oleate
Oleic
18:1delta9 (location of double bonds)
18:1omega9
11
C18, ___ double bonds, the acid is alpha-linoleic, the salt is linoleiate
2
18:2delta9, 12 (location of double bonds)
18:2omega6
12
____, 3 double bonds, the acid is linolenic, the salt is linolenate
C18
18:3delta9, 12, 15 (location of double bonds)
18:3omega3
13
C20, 4 double bonds, the acid is arachidonic, the salt is ___.
Arachidonate
20:4delta5, 8, 11, 14 (location of double bonds)
20:4omega6
14
Fatty-acid-derived ____ enters the TCA cycle, yielding ATP and heat.
Acetyl-CoA
15
T/F: The brain can use free fatty acids for fuel.
False, BBB prevents fatty acid transport
16
T/F: Fatty acids can be obtained from the diet or synthesized de novo.
True
17
Excess energy is converted to ___ for storage.
Triglycerides
18
What are the three main components of bile?
Bile acids (aka bile salts)
Phosphatidyl choline
Cholesterol
19
How do dietary triglycerides appear as?
Mostly long chain TGs, in which the esterified fatty acids are long chain fatty acids
20
Where and by what enzyme are the majority of triglycerides digested?
Pancreatic lipase
duodenum and proximal jejunum
The main products of TG digestion are 2-monoacylglycerol (MAG) and NEFA
21
What are the 3 main causes of steatorrhea?
1. Failure of bile production or blockage of bile flow
2. Exocrine pancreas dysfunction or obstruction or pancreatic duct
3. Failure of uptake into intestinal mucosal cells
22
In the intestinal cell, ____ is resynthesized from 2-MAG and absorbed long chain fatty acids and then packaged into liprotein particles called chylomicrons that are exported into the lymph.
trigylcerides
23
What is the function of acetyl-CoA synthase (also called thiokinase)?
Acetyl-CoA synthase catalyzes formation of acetyl-CoA derivatives of long chain fatty acid
24
What is the function of acyltransferases?
Acyltransferases, aslo known as transacylases catalyze the transfer of 2 LCFA moieties to 2-MAG
25
What are chylomicrons?
For transport into the lymph and blood , water-insolube TG must be packaged into a type of lipoprotein particle, called chylomicrons
26
What is Apo-B48?
Apo-B48 is the principal protein component of nascent chylomicrons as they are produced in the intestinal mucosa
27
T/F: Chylomicrons and other lipproteins only transport TGs.
False, other lipids are also transported.
28
Fatty acids are released from lipoproteins by the action of ____ in the capillary endothelial walls of various tissues, especially muscle and adipose tissue.
Lipoprotein lipase
Cleavage occurs at all 3 ester bonds
Products are glycerol and NEFA
29
T/F: Entry of nonesterified long chain fatty acids from the intestinal lumen into the intestinal mucosa is mediated by protein carriers.
True
30
