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Flashcards in Misc 2 Deck (32)
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1
Q

incomplete closure of the umbilical ring leads to ___

umbilical hernias are R and resolve ___

A

umbilical hernia

reducible, spontaneously

2
Q

Down syndrome assc w D and U

duodenal atresia presents w __ and is usually __
look for __ on xray

uncomp umbilical hernias assc w D, B, hypo

A

duodenal atresia, umbilical hernia

vomiting, billious
double bubble

down syndrome, beckwith wideman, hypoThyroid

3
Q

__ is midline herniation of ab contents w/in mesenteric sac

__ is full thickness ab defect w evisceration of ab contents at birth

A

omphalocele

gastroschisis

4
Q

Pigmented gallstones composed of u__ and C__
usually __/__ in color

secondary to __/__ infections
think E/A/C

injured hepatocytes release __ to inc amount of unconj bilirubin

MCC in East asia is

A

unconj bilirubin, Ca salts
brown/black

bacterial, parasitic
e coli, ascaris, clonorchis

beta glucuronidase

clonorchis

5
Q

pigmented stones can occur in absence of infection w H__ as beta glucuronidase __ bile

A

hemolytic anemia, deconjugates

6
Q

distal gut atresias present w bowel __ rather than ___

intestinal atresias of J/I/proximal __ result from vasc occlusion

distal segment of ileum assumes __ config around ileocolic vessel

aka apple core with __ obs

dec intestinal perfusion then results in __ of bowel w S/O

A

distension, vomiting

jejunum, ileum, colon

spiral

SMA

ischemia, stenosis, obstruction

7
Q

z gene beta galactosidase gene of lac operon responsible for __ of lactose

y gene permease response for __ to lactose

trxn/trsl of single mRNA molecule into multiple proteins called __
seen in P not E

A

hydrolysis

permeability

polycistronic
prokaryotes, eukaryotes

8
Q

annular panc results from abnromal migration of __ bud, resulting in it surrounding the __

pancreas is f__ derived, rotates around __ to fuse w __ bud

uncinate process of head, main panc duct is __ bud

panc tail, body, rest of head is __ bud

sx include O or P

A

ventral, distal duodenum

foregut, duodenum, dorsal

ventral

dorsal

obs, pancreatitis

9
Q

C5a recruits P/E/M/B

C3a recruits B/E

A

PMN, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils

baso, eosinophils

10
Q

IL3 activated by T cells to stimulate growth/diff of stem cells in __

Leukotriene C4/D4/E4 triggers vaso__ and broncho__

A

bone marrow

constriction, spasm

11
Q

mayo containing potato/macaroni salad may have __ toxin

S aureus releases exotoxin, resulting in T, S, G

starch/rice may have __ toxin

A

Staph aureus

TSS, SSS, gastroenteritis

B ceruleus

12
Q

watery diarrhea seen w E/C produce exotoxin after ingestion

inflammatory diarrhea produce exotoxin after ingestion S/E

A

ETEC, cholera

shigella, EHEC

13
Q

fatigue, FtT, vomiting seen in __ in newborns
__ accumulation responsivle for liver/kidney damage
due to def of ___ enzyme

pt is predisposed to __ sepsis

restrict __ and implement ___

A

galactosemia
G1P
GALT

gram neg rod

lactose, soymilk

14
Q

spleen originates from M

F derived, supplied via __
trunk

A

mesoderm

foregut, celiac

15
Q

D is mu opioid antidiarrheal
useful in slowing __

combine w __ to reduce dependence

may have ___ SE

use for __ not inflam diarrhea

A

motility

atropine

Anticholinergic

watery

16
Q

L is similar to diphenoxylate

SE include dependence and E

A

loperamide

euphoria

17
Q

__ and __ used for secretory diarrhea

A

bismuth, octreotide

18
Q

Fibrates upregulate __ enzyme to inc oxidation of FA
inhibit __ enzyme, which is RLS of __ synthesis
dec __ of bile but inc risk of ___

A

LPL
7ahydroxylase
bile acid

solubility, gallstones

19
Q

__ is used for HCV/RSV
n__ antimetabolite, stops __ of viral genetic material

leads to __ of RNA dep RNA polymerase, destroying it

thus, useful against __

Ribavirin monophosphate inactivates __ dehydrogenase, depleting __

A

ribivirin
nucleoside, duplication

methylation

HCV rna polymerase

IMP, GTP

20
Q

Raltegravir is an __ inhibitor
can tx __
inhibits transport of __ into genome

A

integrase
HIV
dsDNA

21
Q

Indinavir is a __ used for HIV

Enfuviritide is a __ inhibitor
used for __
stops __ into target cells

A

protease inhibitor

fusion
HIV
viral entry

22
Q

Amantadine impairs uncoating of ___

A

influenza a

23
Q

failed obliteration of the vitelline duct can lead to
V__ duct/cyst/sinus
M

A

vitelline

meckel diverticulum

24
Q

eggs assc w __ infection

A

salmonella

25
Q

RAS genes are __ type protein
inactive w __
active w ___

A

G coupled
GDP
GTP

26
Q

Meckel diverticulum is true

thus has __/__/__

false diverticula contain __/__
seen in Z/D

A

mucosa, submucosa, musclaris

mucosa/submucosa
zenker/diverticulosis

27
Q

Tc pertechnetate has affinity for __

used to diagnsosis __ when present in RLQ

A

parietal cells

MD

28
Q

___ used in TCA/CAC
becomes FAD, converted to __, accepting 1 __

used w ___ dehydrogenase, converting __ to fumarate

G6PD uses __ as electron acceptor

A

riboflavin
FMN, electron

succinate, succinine

NADPH

29
Q

__ is RLS of glycolsis
__ is only sugar that can bypass

fructose becomes F1P via

aldolase b can use F_ and __

converts to DHAP/glyceraldehyde, and DHAP advances ___

A

Phosphofructokinase
fructose

fructokinase
F16BP, F1P

glycolysis

30
Q

SI __ is congenital obs of GI tract

pt w ab __ and __ vomiting

A

atresia

distension, billious

31
Q

collapse of supraglottic structures w air is L

pt presents w ___

A

laryngomalacia

stridor

32
Q

___ is hernation of ab viscera into thoracic cavity

pt will have RDS due to pulm __
__ abdomen and __ sounds in chest

A

diaphragmatic hernia

pulm hypoplasia

scaphoid, bowel sounds