mobility

Question 1

mobility problem defintion

Answer 1

someone who requires an assistive device to get around, could not walk, or needs help to walk

Question 2

high risks for people with impaired mobility

Answer 2

higher risk of falls and more likely to be at a long term care facility

Question 3

disability rates for Canadian population

Answer 3

1/4 or 1/5 people

Question 4

ways to optimize mobility

Answer 4

address physical and sensory-motor function, treat underlying diseases/conditions, compensate for loss, and advocate social policy and change

Question 5

what do most healthy individuals not display during rolling?

Answer 5

rotation between the shoulders and the pelvis

Question 6

most common approach used by normal young adults for rolling

Answer 6

1. lift and reach above shoulder level 2. shoulder girdle leans and initiates the motion of the head and trunk 3. unilateral lift of leg

Question 7

what impairments will affect rolling the most?

Answer 7

those that affect the head, upper trunk, or shoulders

Question 8

3 characteristics of basic mobility for rising from bed

Answer 8

propulsion, stability requirements, and adaptation

Question 9

propulsion rising from bed characteristic

Answer 9

needed to generate momentum to move the body to vertical

Question 10

stability requirements rising from bed characteristic

Answer 10

is needed to control the COM as it changes from within the support base defined by the horizontal body to that defined by the buttocks of feet

Question 11

adaptation requirement for rising from bed

Answer 11

is needed to adapt to how one moves to the characteristics of the movement

Question 12

are call alarms significant?

Answer 12

they can help when one falls but research shows they are rarely used

Question 13

what does getting up from the floor require?

Answer 13

substantial ROM and strength

Question 14

rising from a chair significance

Answer 14

is a difficult task for those with MSK or neurological disorders because is demands knee ROM and hip/knee forces

Question 15

chair rise ability impact on hospital stay

Answer 15

chair rise ability when assessed within the first 24 hours of is associated with the length of stay, and those who could not perform the task had 45% longer stays compared to those who could

Question 16

time taken for sit to stand

Answer 16

1.5-2 seconds for healthy older subjects

Question 17

pre-extension phase of sit to stand

Answer 17

initiation of movement until point of thighs off; trunk and pelvis rotate forward at the hips and the body mass is propelled forward which moves the mass over the week

Question 18

extension phase of sit to stand

Answer 18

vertical movement occurs from extension at hips, knee, and ankles; knees extend before the hips and ankles, with some COM movement as well

Question 19

3 phases of sit to stand

Answer 19

pre-extension, extension, and stabilization

Question 20

kinetics of sit to stand

Answer 20

maximum hip extensor and knee extensor torque occur around lift off; tibiofemoral force can rise to 7x body weight and patellofemoral force 2-6x body weight at the point of thighs off

Question 21

most biomechanically effective position of feet for sit to stand

Answer 21

75 degrees of DF

Question 22

foot placement for a sit to stand

Answer 22

anterior foot placement is more difficult as is requires greater great hip flexion angle and hip moments

Question 23

what contributes to the horizontal momentum of the body mass?

Answer 23

forward trunk rotation at the hips

Question 24

what do older adults display more of with sit to stand?

Answer 24

trunk flexion; this allows for the knees and hips to work less and for more momentum to be generated

Question 25

effects of initial seat height for sit to stand

Answer 25

as you reduce the seat height, the knee extensor moment is most challenged

Question 26

effects of arm rest for sit to stand

Answer 26

knee joint and muscle forces are considerably reduced when rising with the aid of arms

Question 27

when does slipping occur?

Answer 27

during heel contact or push-off phase when shear forces are highest

Question 28

when does increased slip occur?

Answer 28

when going down slope, during shaper turns, reduced friction of shoe, or icy surfaces

Question 29

when does tripping occur?

Answer 29

toe clearance of > 1 cm

Question 30

what occurs in response to trip or slip?

Answer 30

coordinated postural reflexes and a step response

Question 31

kinematics during ascending stairs

Answer 31

near maximal PF and knee extension increases

Question 32

do stair falls happen more going up or down?

Answer 32

going down, 75% of falls

Question 33

functional independence measure

Answer 33

measures disability or burden of care and measures how much assistance is required to carry out ADLs; this is the gold standard rehab measure and is mandatory to collect for Canadian rehab centres

Question 34

max score for FIM

Answer 34

126 out of 18 items

Question 35

6 functions of FIM

Answer 35

self-care, sphincter control, mobility, locomotion, communication, and social cognition

Question 36

community mobility and balance scale

Answer 36

is a more functional measure of balance and assessing risk of falls

Question 37

timed up and go test

Answer 37

is one of the most common single item measures for mobility and times sitting up, walking 3 metres, turning around, and sitting back in the chair

Question 38

risk of fall for TUGS test

Answer 38

> 14 seconds

Question 39

frailty symptoms

Answer 39

includes fatigue, weight loss, low activity level, loss of strength, and slow walking speed; if a person has 3/5 of these, these are considered frail

Question 40

what is frailty associated with?

Answer 40

increased risk of all-cause mortality

Question 41

short physical performance battery test

Answer 41

assesses balance, gait speed, and chair stand test; score of less than 8 or 9 is used to identify frailty