Flashcards in Scalp Deck (45):
1
What are the boundaries for the scalp?
- anterior: supraorbital margins of the frontal bone
- posterior: superior nuchal line
- lateral: zygomatic arch
2
What can the five layers of the scalp spell?
- Skin
- Connective tissue
- Aponeurosis
- Loose connective tissue
- Periosteum
(SCALP)
3
What are the major constituents of the fiver layers of the scalp?
- skin
- neurovascular
- muscular
- loose connective tissue
- periosteum
4
What is contained in the skin layer?
- hair follicles
- sebaceous glands
- sweat glands
5
What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?
internal carotid and external carotid artery branches
6
What branches of the external carotid artery ramify in the scalp?
- occipital
- posterior auricular
- superficial temporal
7
What specific branches from the internal carotid artery branch pattern supply the scalp?
supraorbital and supratrochlear branches of the ophthalmic artery
8
What veins drain the scalp?
- superficial temporal
- posterior auricular
- occipital
- ophthalmic
9
What will the superficial temporal vein drain into or become?
retromandibular vein
10
What will the posterior auricular vein drain into or become?
external jugular vein
11
What will the occipital vein drain into or become?
vertebral vein
12
What will the ophthalmic vein drain into or become?
cavernous dural venous sinus
13
What do somatic afferent pathways monitor?
- pain
- temperature
- light touch
- proprioception
14
Branches of nerves from what parts of the CNS innervate the scalp?
both cranial and spinal nerves
15
What name is given to the trigeminal nerve?
the great sensory nerve of the face
16
Identify each branch of the fifth cranial nerve.
- ophthalmic
- maxillary
- mandibular
17
Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?
all 3
18
Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve contain somatic afferent pathways?
all 3
19
What part of the scalp is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?
scalp above the orbit
20
What part of the scalp is innervated by the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
scalp above the zygomatic arch
21
What part of the scalp is innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?
scalp above and behind the ear
22
Which trigeminal nerve division branches receive sensory informaton from the scalp?
- ophthalmic nerve - frontal nerve: supraorbital and supratrochlear branches
- maxillary nerve - zygomatic nerve
- mandibular nerve - auriculotemporal nerve
23
Which ophthalmic division, trigeminal nerve branches innervate the scalp?
- supraorbital n.
- supratrochlear n.
24
Which maxillary division, trigeminal nerve branch innervates the scalp?
zygomatic n.
25
Which mandibular division, trigeminal nerve branch innervates the scalp?
auriculotemporal n.
26
Which ventral rami branches supply the scalp?
- greater auricular n., C2, C3 ventral rami
- lesser occipital n., C2 (C3) ventral rami
27
Which dorsal ramus nerve branch supplies the scalp?
greater occipital n., C2, C3 communicating ramus
28
What spinal cord levels innervate the scalp?
C2 and C3
29
Motor pathways to skeletal muscle derived from the branchial arches are given what name?
Branchial Efferent (BE) pathways
30
What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by the facial nerve?
branchial efferent (BE)
31
Within the parotid gland what does the facial nerve form?
the facial nerve plexus
32
What specific branches of the facial nerve plexus provide motor innervation to the scalp?
- temporal
- zygomatic
- posterior auricular
33
What muscles associated with the scalp will be innervated by the temporal, zygomatic, and posterior auricular nerves?
- epicranius
- superior group of muscles of the ear
34
What are the lymph nodes located along the base of the head collectively called?
collar chain nodes
35
What specific lymph nodes at the base of the head are identified in scalp drainage patterns?
- submental
- submandibular
- parotid
- retromandibular (mastoid)
- occipital
36
What appears to be unique about the fat associated with the scalp?
- very stable volume
- does not appear to store fat or allow depletion of fat
37
What would the fat of the scalp primarily do?
serves as an insulation blanket
38
What is the third layer of the scalp associated with?
muscular component of the scalp
39
What muscles are specifically associated with the scalp?
frontalis and occipitalis bellies of the epicranius muscle
40
What nerve innervates each belly of the epicranius muscle?
- frontalis belly: temporal nerve
- occipitalis belly: posterior auricular nerve
41
The bellies of the epicranius muscle are connected by what structure?
galea aponeurosis
42
What specific nerves provide motor control to the scalp muscle?
facial nerve: posterior auricular and temporal branches
43
What is the fourth layer of the scalp?
loose connective tissue layer
44
What is the fifth layer of the scalp?
pericranium
45