TAKS 7 - PERSON-SITUATION DEBATE Flashcards

1
Q

PERSON POSITION

A

= behaviour is determined in large parts by a person’s general traits

  • between-person variance
  • science of traits
  • person as central cause of behaviour
  • similarity across behaviours
  • personality traits exist
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2
Q

SITUATION POSITION

A

= immediate situation is primary determinant of behaviour;

  • within-person variability (= perceive situation and react to them)
  • science that explains behaviour variation across occasions
  • variable behaviours of same person across situations
  • traits do not exist, personality might
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3
Q

INTERACTIONISM

A

= situations is primary cause but personality determines our reaction to the situation
- personality = differences between individuals in how they react to situations

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4
Q

person position

- results

A

= useful for trends/average behaviours

  • traits predict/describe behaviour well over long stretches of time
  • behaviour is highly stable
  • trait approach is needed to explain differences between people
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5
Q

situation position

- results

A

= useful for momentary behaviour

  • traits do not predict/describe behaviour very strongly
  • typical individual’s behaviour is highly variable
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6
Q

whole trait model

A

= social-cognitive model of personality; combines evidence for individual differences in average global traits with evidence that people also vary substantially around these averages
- people are constantly shifting in response to events in their lives –> shifts are not entirely random, nor patterns emerging

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7
Q

personality fluctuation and emotional fluctuations

A
  • all Big Five showed strong associations with affect at the within-person level (trait level not state level)
  • extraversion + neuroticism: strongly related to affect
  • -> extraversion: being in positive mood, being more extraverted; being more happier when acting extraverted
  • -> neuroticism: being more in a negative mood, being more neurotic/moody/anxious
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8
Q

state level

A

= temporary states, moods; short-term variation in personality construct

  • state-level association: people may not experience more positive affect when they are being more sociable; your mood/temporary state affects behaviour
  • shifts in response to environmental/ internal events that initiate processes of interpretation
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9
Q

trait level

A

= generalised, personalised characteristics, stable modes of individual’s adjustment to environment.

  • Big Five: principal dimensions of personality along which people differ at trait level
  • trait-level association: people who are more sociable may also experience more positive affect; trait affects behaviour
  • best conceptualised as density distributions of momentary states
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10
Q

density distributions approach

A

= frequency of a trait is demonstrated in a graph; see how dense the distribution of the trait is represented

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11
Q

approach vs. avoidance orientation

A

= explain how work episodes relate to personality states (both result in changes in personality states)

1) approach orientation = motive to promote/sustain desired physical/psychological stimuli –> motivation to achieve status enhancement, affiliation, altruism or learning
- conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, openness
2) avoidance orientation = motive to prevent/reduce negative stimuli –> creates vigilance to threat, resulting in negative affect/withdrawal
- heightened state neuroticism, tendencies towards negative affect, disengagement and volatility

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12
Q

personality-situation transactions

A

= how personality traits influence what kinds of situations we choose + create in the first place
- environments/momentary situations covary with people’s personality dispositions –> situations are created so existing behavioural disposition can be lived out

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13
Q

personality-situation transactions

- neuroticism

A
  • HIGH = more frequently worries, greater emotional instability, more frequent/intense negative affect
  • young adults: report negative affect, behaviour was judged as insecure and anxious, preferred solitude
  • -> being alone and more often doing chores
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14
Q

personality-situation transactions

- extraversion

A
  • HIGH = frequently seeking and enjoying social interactions
  • young adults: often in social situations and conversations, behaviour judged as talkative/confident/active, engage in social leisure activities
  • -> often being with friends
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15
Q

personality-situation transactions

- openness

A
  • HIGH = enjoying intellectual activities and new experiences in variety of domains
  • young adults: behaviour judged as intellectual, engage in cultural leisure activities, preference for solitude to pursue intellectual activities
  • -> less often in passive leisure activities
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16
Q

personality-situation transactions

- agreeableness

A
  • HIGH = being cooperative and avoiding conflicts –> social interactions style and not how people seek out situations
  • young adults: argued less often, behaviour judged as friendly
17
Q

personality-situation transactions

- conscientiousness

A
  • HIGH = tenacious goal pursuit, high task orientation
  • young adults: work more often, engage less in leisure activities, complete more tasks in time
  • -> doing work activities/chores more often, being less often with friends, doing leisure activities, watching TV