Test 2- Haemophilus

Question 1

Haemophilus General

Answer 1

• NAD dependent (staphylococcus necessary for culture)
• Obligate symbiotic
• Little resistant in environment
• Host specific
• Facultative pathogenic

———-Commensals of mucosae: respiratory system and genital tract

• Differences in virulence (serotype dependent)
• Rare, but worldwide
• Age: 2wks-4mths (mainly at weaning)

Question 2

Haemophilus Virulence factors

Answer 2

• Endotoxins (LPS)
• Fimbriae (role?)
• Neuramidase (?)
• Transferrin binding proteins

Question 3

Haemophilus parasuis (Glässer disease) Pathogenesis

Answer 3

• Endogenic-exogenic infection
• Septicaemiae General symptoms, acute mortality
• Meningitis CNS symptoms
• Polyserositis, polyarthritis Peritonitis, pericarditis Pleuritis

pic- swollen joints- typical

Question 4

Haemophilus parasuis (Glässer disease) Treatment and prevention

Answer 4

Treatment

• Antimicrobials

——————-At onset of outbreak: all piglets of litter IM injection

Prevention

• Vaccination (not always successful, sometimes farm specific bacterin/auto- vaccin)

Question 5

Haemophilus felis

Answer 5

In cats

———– Pneumonia, chronic

———–conjunctivitis

• Also present in health cats
• Rare

Question 6

Histophilus somnei General

Answer 6

• Formerly Haemophilus somnus- sleepy
• 2 days incubation with 5-10% CO2 (thus frequently overgrowth)

———–Difficult diagnosis

• Colonizes the mucosal surfaces of ruminants (urogenital)
• Obligate symbiotic

Question 7

Histophilus somnei Symptoms

Answer 7

• Septicaemia
• CNS (TEME: trombo embolic meningo-encephalitis: sleepers disease)
• Arthritis
• Retinitis, conjunctivitis
• Myocarditis
• Pneumonia, tracheitis
• Mastitis
• Abortion
• Otitis

Question 8

Histophilus somnei Virulence factors

Answer 8

• Lipooligosaccharides (LOS):

———–immune evasion and complement resistance

• OMPs

———–Transferrin binding proteins

———– Ig binding proteins (less opsonisation)

• Host cell interaction

———– Activation of caspases & induction of apoptosis: intravascular coagulation

———– Activation of thrombocytes: intravascular coagulation

• Biofilms

Question 9

Histophilus somnei dx, vaccine, treatment

Answer 9

• Diagnosis

———–Bacterial culture

• Treatment

———– Antibiotics

———– Little successful in: septicemic, TEME, myocarditis, polyarthritis, mastitis

• Vaccine is available

Question 10

Avibacterium paragallinarum Infectious coryza

Answer 10

• Formerly haemophilus paragallinarum
• Obligate symbiotic
• Little resistant in the environment
• NAD dependent
• Obligate pathogen for chickens
• Coryza: rhinitis & sinusitis
• Mainly hobby chickens

Question 11

Avibacterium paragallinarum Virulence factors

Answer 11

• Capsule (polysaccharides)
• anti-phagocytosis
• Anti-complement
• Adhesins
• Endotoxin
• Iron acquisition

Question 12

Avibacterium paragallinarum pathogenesis and symptoms

Answer 12

• Pathogenesis

————-Carriers

————-Transmission via drinking water or aerosol

————-Stress

• Symptoms

————-Acute

———————- General symptoms and anorexia

———————-Conjunctivitis

————-Subacute

————————Sinusitis and pus

————————- Oedema head and neck

• Can become chronic

Question 13

Avibacterium paragallinarum diagnosis, treatment and prevention

Answer 13

Diagnosis

• Bacterial culture

Treatment

• Important: be fast
• Antibiotics

Prevention

• Eliminate carriers