Test 2- Pseudomonas spp

Question 1

Genus Pseudomonas General

Answer 1

• Gram negative
• Rods
• Motile (Flagella)
• Obligate aerobic
• Many species in this genus
• Most saprophytic- VERY RESISTANCE BECAUSE IN ENVIORNMENT
• Mainly in waters

Question 2

P. aeruginosa

Answer 2

• Facultative symbiotic
• Facultative pathogenic
• Usually secondary infection
• Lives in:
• Soil
• Water
• On plants

Easy grower on different plates

Large colonies

Typical odor (candy sweet)

Bleu-greenish pigmentation on certain media, especially on Mueller- Hinton medium (susceptibility testing)

——— Pyocyanins (also anti-bacterial: bacteriocin)

——— Pyoverdins

Oxidase positive

Lactose negative

Question 3

P. aeruginosa

Infections

Answer 3

• Environmental origin
• High natural resistance
• Can adapt to humid hospital environments
• ——– Respirators/tracheotubes
• ——– Endoscopes,…

Question 4

P. aeruginosa

Virulence factors

Answer 4

• Adhesion
-Fimbriae

• Non fimbrial adhesins and OMPs (affinity for mucin)
• Flagella
• LPS (endotoxin)
• Exotoxins (different)
• Biofilm (slime)
• Capsule (anti phagocytosis)

• Iron acquisition

Question 5

P. aeruginosa

Pathogenicity

Answer 5

• Cold blooded animals
• P. aeruginosa secondary infections in

——— Mammalians

——— Birds

Question 6

P. aeruginosa

Pathogenicity

• Predisposing factors:

Answer 6

• High infection pressure

——— Drinking water

——— Environment
• Humidity (eg. in rabbits and sheep skin infections)

——— Fleece rot in sheep

• Reduced immunity
• Local

——— Antimicrobial therapy (microbiota disturbance)

——— (burn) wounds…

• General

Question 7

P. aeruginosa

Pathogenesis

Answer 7

• Colonization on damaged surface
• Adhesins
• Tissue destruction
• Inflammation
• Exotoxins, pyocyanin

Question 8

P. aeruginosa

Cats and dogs

Answer 8

• Skin infections: pyoderma

• Cystitis
• Otitis externa

• Different purulent processes:

-Pus can be bleu-green

Question 9

Answer 9

P. aeruginosa

Eye infections

Cornea ulcus

because the eye is humid

Question 10

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Hamster, guinea pig, chinchilla, mink

Answer 10

• Pneumonia
• Septicaemiae
• High mortality (especially farmed mink)
• Origin: mainly drinking water

Question 11

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Rabbit

Answer 11

• Skin infection

• Moist dermatitis
• In cleanest rabbitries!- the most resistant bacteria is left!
• ——– With automatic drinking water system
• ——– ————-Rabbits get moist by laying under nipples

——— high use of disinfectants

• Pneumonia

——— sporadic

Question 12

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Horses

Answer 12

• *Metritis-vaginitis**
• Secondary to prolonged antimicrobial treatment

-Contaminated semen- AI

Keratitis conjunctivitis

Secondary infection following topical treatment with steroids-antibiotic mixtures

P. aeruginosa has a high level of natural resistance to many antibiotics

P. aeruginosa has also a high prevalence of acquired resistance

Question 13

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mastitis

Answer 13

• Bovines
• Sheep

• Goat

Sheep get fleece rot

• Acute with high mortality

• Origin:
• Environment
• Teat injector (antibiotics)
• Teat cleansing towel
• Frequently a farm related problem
• Persistence in udder, even after treatment
• Biofilm
• Antibiotic resistance

Question 14

Answer 14

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mastitis

Question 15

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Reptiles

Answer 15

• Necrotic stomatitis

• Pneumonia
• Septicaemiae

• Secondary to poor housing- needs to be their envioronment- humid, etc

Question 16

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Parrots and parrakeets (psittaciformes)

Answer 16

• Secondary infection

• Symptoms vary

-Conjunctivitis

• Rhinitis
• Pneumonia
• Airsacculitis
• Secondary infection

• Symptoms vary

• Conjunctivitis

• Rhinitis
• Pneumonia
• Airsacculitis
• Enteritis

• Origin bacteria: mainly drinking water

—- might be biofilm formation

Question 17

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Galliformes

Answer 17

• Origin typically water supply- containmation in water

• In oviduct of turkeys
• Contamination of eggs (also by dipping fluid)
• Exploding eggs (H2S odor)
• Neonatal mortality

• Complication of viral infection (eg. TRT, IB) especially when the viral infection is treated with antibiotics…

Question 18

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Treatment (general)

Answer 18

• Take away the cause of infection!

• Treatment

• Antibiotics: (test for susceptibility)
• Anti-pseudomonas β-lactams (piperacillin, ticarcillin, cefoperazone)
• Fluoroquinolones
• Aminoglycosides
• Ear;local application of polymixin/colistin

• Most of the animals die (except otitis externa) even with treatment

• Treatment

• Antibiotics: (test for susceptibility)
• Anti-pseudomonas β-lactams (piperacillin, ticarcillin, cefoperazone) • Fluoroquinolones
• Aminoglycosides
• Ear;localapplicationofpolymixin/colistin

• Most of the animals die (except otitis externa) even with treatment

Question 19

Phage therapy

Answer 19

• Phage therapy
• Experiments on humans ongoing: burn wound center
• Local application
• Strain specific

Since it’s such a resistant bacteria, you have alternative ways to deal with it.

Question 20

Answer 20

Pseudomonas spp.
• Cold blooded animals (reptiles, fish, amphibians,…)

FIRST THING THAT YOU WILL DO; look at the water