Test 2- Vibrio

Question 1

The genus Vibrio

Answer 1

• Vibrio cholera • Human disease • Important in developing countries • Clonal spread • Oro-fecal route • Isolated from animals • Dogs, bovines horses, sheep, birds • Sometimes associated with enteritis • Differfromthehumanstrains

Question 2

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Answer 2

• Vibrio parahaemolyticus • In seawater and brackish water • Food infections in humans (raw fish, shellfish)

Question 3

Vibrio anguillarum (Listonella anguillarum)

Answer 3

• Vibrio anguillarum (Listonella anguillarum) • “salt water furunculosis” • Septicaemiae in fish (all) • High mortality • Treatment: antibiotics • Prevention: vaccination • Not 100% effective 

Question 4

Bartonella

Answer 4

General • Gram negative • Aerobic • Culture: 1-5 wks! • Different species, most important is: Bartonella henselae • Zoonotic

Question 5

Bartonella henselae Infections in cats

Answer 5

• Infections in cats (dogs), vague symptoms duration 1-7 days • Swelling lymph nodes • Lethargic • Anorexia • Mildneurologicsymptoms • (endocarditis) • Retrovirus infection: worse course of the disease • Mainly in animals

Question 6

Bartonella henselae Pathogenesis in cats

Answer 6

• Pathogenesis • Transmission: fleas (ticks) • Subclinical infection and vague symptoms (freq. undiagnosed) • Bacteremia: • inredbloodcellsformonths/years • Intermitted present • Intracellularinredbloodcells • Immunity • After infection immunity to reinfection with homologous strain

Question 7

Bartonella henselae dx and prevalenance

Answer 7

• Diagnosis • Culture: difficult • ELISA • PCR • Prevalences • 4-80% of cats positive (serology) • 15-55% of cats positive (bacteremia)

Question 8

Bartonella henselae in humans

Answer 8

• In humans: cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary peliosis, relapsing bacteremia • Mainly seen in persons with reduced immunity, in poor condition • Mainly in younger persons • Most of the times no real problem; self limiting lymphadenopathy

Question 9

Answer 9

• When reduced immunity

• Bacillary angiomatosis
• Reddish-purple nodules

• Bacillary peliosis

• Largewithbloodfilledcysts • Onliverandspleen
• +generalsymptoms
• Relapsing bacteremia
• General symptoms that evaluate to worse in time

Question 10

Bartonella henselae in humans

• Entrance by

Answer 10

• Wounds (scratch)

• Fleas
• Eye mucosae

Question 11

Bartonella henselae in humans

• Prevention

Answer 11

• Prevention • Fleas

• Disinfection of cat scratches/cat bites
• Immunodeficient persons and sick children should not be in contact with cats

Question 12

Streptobacillus moniliformis

Answer 12

• Division of the Fusobacteria
• Normal microbiota of mouth and throat of rats • Rat bite fever in humans (see further)
• Cervical lymphadenitis in Guinea pigs

Question 13

Spirillum minus

Answer 13

• Cannot be cultured on artificial media • Needs animal inoculation
• IP in guinea pig or mouse
• Found in rats • Blood
• Conjunctiva • Mouth

Question 14

Spirillum minus

dx in rats and pathogenesis

Answer 14

• Disease in rats
• Conjunctivitis
• Bronchopneumonia • Septicaemiae

• Pathogenesis?

Question 15

Spirillum minus

cats, pigs, humans

Answer 15

• Infections in cats and pigs • Eating of infected animals

• Infections in humans
• Bites or scratch of infected rat: rat bite fever

Question 16

Rat bite fever in humans

Answer 16

• Spirillum minus and Streptobacillus moniliformis
• Infected by
• Contact: bite, wound, mucosae
• Contaminated food & drinking water • Haverhillfever(outbreakin1926)

Question 17

• Symptoms for Spirillum minus

Answer 17

• Onset: 2 wks-4 months (most 2-4wks) after contact • Reappearance of the wound/ulcerations possible
• Fever (undulating)
• General symptoms
• Arthritis
• Tissue localizations

Question 18

Symptoms for Streptobacillus moniliformis

Answer 18

• Onset: 5 days after contact (3d-3wks) • Fever
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Rashes: freq. hand & feet. Generalized possible • Polyarthritis
• Other complications are rare (but very serious)