Blunt violence

Question 1

What is blunt violence?

Answer 1

Mechanial work of a blunt object/weapon that hits against the body

(Squeezing, pinching, biting, etc. give similar injuries, but do not fall under the classic definition of blunt violence)

Question 2

What kind of injury is

• skin damage, e.g. skratch mark
• bleeding within the dermis and adipose tissue
• skin damage and bleeding
• subcutaneous bleeding

Answer 2

• injury at surface of the skin
• bruise
• combined injury
• laceration

Question 3

What can be used for age determination of haematoma?

Answer 3

• light microscopy: inflammation, hemosiderin in macrophages
• colour
  
  • blue-violet without yellow-green streak zone: <24-48 hours
  • a few mm wide periphery yellow streak zone: 2-3 days
  • wider periphery yellow streak zone: >3 days
  • yellow: <10 days
  • brown: > 10 days

Question 4

Vital vs post mortal injury

• excoriation (skin scratches)
• laceration (ruptures)
• haematoma

Answer 4

• excoriation
  
  • vital: red-brown, rough and matte
  • post mortal: yellow, waxy, shiny
• laceration:
  
  • vital: bloody wound edges
  • post mortal: blood-free wound edges
• haematoma:
  
  • section: vital cannot be scraped off

Question 5

What are the mechanics of skeletal injury?

Answer 5

• small hit area: stabbing crime
• large hit area: crush injury

Question 6

types of skeletal injuries

Answer 6

• angulation
• rotation: spiral fracture
• axial compression: vertebra body, heel bone
• combined fractures
• ulna fractures
• MCP-V-impressions (punch fractures)
• cranium injuries
  
  • linear cranium fractures
  • impression fractures
  • markings
  • cranium base fractures, ring fracture
  • facial injuries (Clément Le Fort)