1
Q
Name of double walled sac that surrounds the heart.
A
Pericardium
2
Q
Name of layer that lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium.
A
Parietal layer
3
Q
Name of layer that lines external surface of heart.
A
Visceral layer // epicardium
4
Q
Function of pericardial cavity
A
Decreases friction
5
Q
Layers of the heart wall
A
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
6
Q
What kind of junctions are between cells of cardiac tissue?
A
Gap junctions, which are electric in cardiac tissue
7
Q
What is different about the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle?
A
Less elaborate and no terminal cisterns
8
Q
How is ATP supplied in cardiac tissue?
A
Aerobic only therefore more mitochondria
9
Q
Other name for tricuspid valve
A
Right atrioventricular valve
10
Q
Other names for bicuspid valve
A
- Left atrioventricular valve
- Mitral valve
11
Q
What is the largest artery in the body?
A
Aorta
12
Q
What is not working properly in the heart for a murmur to occur?
A
Pulmonary valve
13
Q
T/F
Valves allow for 2-way flow.
A
False - they allow for one way flow
14
Q
Are atria or ventricles more muscular?
A
Ventricles
15
Q
What feeds the tissues of the heart?
A
Coronary vessels
16
Q
Name of vessels that carry blood away from the heart…
A
arteries
17
Q
Name of vessels that carry blood towards the heart…
A
veins
18
Q
What kind of vessels - exchange or transport - are capillaries?
A
Exchange vessels
19
Q
Function of arteries and veins
A
Transport vessels
20
Q
Are capillaries sound vessels or leaky vessels?
A
Leaky
21
Q
Label the layers of the blood vessel
A
1: tunica externa
2: tunica media
3: tunica intima
4: basement membrane
22
Q
Which are the thicker and tougher blood vessels?
A
Arteries
23
Q
Which blood vessels have valves and what do those valves do?
A
Veins and they prevent backflow
24
Q
Which blood vessel has a thicker tunica media?
A
Arteries
25
What kind of capillary is this?
Continuous capillary
26
Characteristics of continuous capillaries
Tighter and with a basement membrane
27
What kind of capillary is this?
Fenestrated capillary
28
Characteristics of fenestrated capillaries
High permeability
29
What kind of capillary is this?
Sinusoids
30
Characteristics of sinusoids
Gets RBC and WBC out of circulation
31
At any point in time is most of our blood in arteries or veins?
Veins
32
Which blood vessel - arteries or veins - is not as structurally sound?
Veins
33
Describe Circle of Willis
Ring of arteries at base of the brain, provides continuous blood supply by connecting internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
34
Which blood vessels feed?
Arteries
35
Which blood vessels drain?
Veins
36
Which blood vessels are closer to the surface of the body?
Veins
37
Which blood vessels are more plentiful?
Veins
38
What vein is often used for bypass surgery?
Great saphenous vein
39
Arteries that feed the brain?
Carotid arteries
40
Veins that drain the brain?
Jugular veins
41
Name for dura mater that descends between cerebral hemispheres...
Falx cerebi
42
Which blood vessels are under more pressure?
Arteries
43
What acts as the liver for the fetus?
Placenta
44
The ductus arteriosus in the fetus becomes what?
Ligamentum arteriosum
45
--sclerotic
hardened or stiffened
46
Stenosis means what?
Narrowing
47
CVA v TIA
Cerebrovascular accident
- Weakening of arterial walls
Transient ischemic accident
48
Stroke types
1: bleed, aka hemorrhagic
2: blockage, aka ischemia, decreased flow
49
What kind of tissue is blood?
Connective
50
Liquid element of blood is called...
plasma
51
Formed elements of blood are...
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Platelets
52
Typical range of blood pH
7.35-7.45
53
Is blood slightly acidic or alkaline?
Alkaline
54
How long do RBCs last for?
90-120 days
55
What carries Fe?
Heme groups
56
How many O2 molecules does hemoglobin bind to?
Four
57
Erythropoiesis
The formation of RBC
58
What organ helps with blood filtration?
Kidney
59
How many microliters of leukocytes are in blood?
4800 to 10800 microliters
60
What is the movement of WBC called?
Diapedesis
61
Name the granulocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
62
Name the agranulocytes
Lymphocytes (B + T cells)
Monocytes
63
How to remember the number of leukocytes in blood from most to least
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
64
Three branches off the aorta...
Brachiocephalic
L common carotid
L subclavian
65
Which vessel has a larger diameter - veins or arteries?
Veins!
This is because it lowers the pressure inside and they collapse more easily. It helps with managing volume.
66
Which of these carry(ies) oxygen-poor blood?
A: pulmonary veins
B: pulmonary arteries
C: left ventricle
D: aorta
B: pulmonary arteries
67
Which one is the correct sequence going from the outermost to innermost layer of a blood vessel wall?
A: tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media
B: tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
C: tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima
D: tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa
E: tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
E: tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
68
Veins:
A: transport oxygen-rich blood
B: operate under high pressure
C: branch into smaller vessels can arterioles
D: carry blood away from the heart
E: often have values to prevent the backflow of blood
E: often have values to prevent the backflow of blood
69
When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the:
A: left ventricle to the left atrium
B: left ventricle to the right ventricle
C: right atrium to the left atrium
D: right ventricle to the right atrium
E: left atrium to the right atrium
A: left ventricle to the left atrium
70
The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the:
A: abdomen
B: head + neck
C: armpit
D: leg
E: groin
B: head + neck
71
Which of the following receive(s) blood during ventricular systole?
A: pulmonary veins only
B: both the aorta and the pulmonary trunk
C: aorta only
D: pulmonary arteries only
B: both the aorta and the pulmonary trunk
72
The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart and produces lubricant for heart contractions is the:
A: myocardium
B: pericardium
C: endocardium
D: reticulocardium
E: epicardium
B: pericardium
73
Exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues is the primary function of the _______.
A: capillaries
B: veins
C: epicardium
D: arteries
E: heart
A: capillaries
74
Capillary with intercellular clefts found in the skin and muscles.
A: continuous capillaries
75
The series of reactions that stop blood flow following a cut is called:
A: agglutination
B: hemostasis
C: erythropoiesis
D: homeostasis
E: coagulation
B: hemostasis
76
Sinusoid capillary
C
77
The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is:
A: arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins
B: arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules
C: arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
D: arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules
E: arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds,
C: arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
78
Histologically, the _______ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.
A: tunica externa
B: tunica adventitia
C: tunica intima
D: tunica media
C: tunica intima
79
The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the _______.
A: coronary sinus
B: coronary veins
C: coronary arteries
D: fossa ovalis
C: coronary arteries
80
In red bone marrow, newly formed blood cells enter the circulation. You would expect to see many _______ type of capillaries in red bone marrow.
A: sinusoid
B: continuous
C: fenestrated
D: metarterioles
A: sinusoid
81
The tricuspid valve is located between the:
A: left ventricle and pulmonary artery
B: right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
C: left ventricle and aorta
D: right atrium and left atrium
E: right atrium and right ventricle
E: right atrium and right ventricle
82
Capillary found where active capillary absorption of filtrate occurs.
B: Fenestrated
83
Which of the following contain oxygenated blood?
A: pulmonary arteries
B: pulmonary veins
C: lobar arteries
D: pulmonary trunk
B: pulmonary veins
84
Veins carry _______.
A: oxygen-poor blood
B: blood away from the heart
C: oxygen-rich blood
D: blood toward the heart
D: blood toward the heart
85
Which blood vessels have thin, permeable walls?
A: capillaries
B: venules
C: arteries
D: none of the above
A: capillaries
86
The term ductus venosus refers to ________.
A: a fetal shunt that bypasses the lungs
B: a special fetal vessel that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver
C: a condition of the aged in which the arteries lose elasticity
D: damage to the valves in the veins, leading to varicose veins
B: a special fetal vessel that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver
87
The basic rhythm of the heartbeat is set by the ______.
A: SA node
B: EKG
C: AV node
D: hormones
A: SA node
88
Deoxygenated blood is returned to the right side of the heart by the:
A: aorta
B: superior and inferior vena cava
C: pulmonary veins
D: pulmonary capillaries
E: pulmonary arteries
B: superior and inferior vena cava
89
Do veins converge or diverge?
Converge
90
Do arteries converge or diverge?
Diverge
91
In terms of being basic or acidic, what are basophils?
Basic
92
In terms of being basic or acidic, what are neutrophils?
Neutral
93
In terms of being basic or acidic, what are eosinophils?
Acidic
94
An elevation in basophils are likely to show...
Rare allergic reactions
95
An elevation in eosinophils are likely to show...
Allergies and parasitic infections
96
An elevation in neutrophils are likely to show...
Acute bacterial infections
97
An elevation in lymphocytes are likely to show...
Viral infections
98
An elevation in monocytes are likely to show...
Chronic infections or inflammation
99
Electrical conduction system of the heart
SA node -- AV node -- Bundle of His -- R/L bundle branches -- Purkinje fibers
100
Plasma makes up what percent of blood volume?
55%
101
Formed elements make up what percent of blood?
45%
102
Function of erythropoietin
Stimulate bone marrow to produce RBC in response to low O2
103
What is the formation of blood called?
Hematopoiesis
104
What does the P wave mean?
Atrial depolarization -- aka blood pumped to ventricles
105
What does the QRS complex show?
Ventricular depolarization -- aka contraction of ventricles and blood pumped to lungs/body
106
What does the T wave show?
Ventricular repolarization -- aka ventricles return to resting state
COM: BIOL 120
flashcards
Decks in class (32)
# Cards
-
Anatomical Terms + Planes40
-
Bone Markings 🦴🩻19
-
Regions of the Body28
-
The Cell24
-
Histology79
-
Quizzes90
-
Integumentary12
-
Burns9
-
Mitosis23
-
AI53
-
Exam 1 Study Guide126
-
Bones + Axial Skeleton19
-
List: Bone + Bone Markings134
-
Skeletal System + Articulations62
-
Muscular System37
-
LP2: Muscle Details43
-
LP2: Muscle Identification37
-
Muscle Movements13
-
Joints27
-
Quiz: Muscle Review27
-
Muscles64
-
Nervous System83
-
Special Senses50
-
Endocrine System16
-
Endocrine, Special Senses, Nervous49
-
LP4: Respiratory, CV, Digestive, Lymphatics, Urinary40
-
E4: Cardiovascular System106
-
E4: Lymphatics + Immunity49
-
E4: Digestive System28
-
E4: Urinary System23
-
E4: Respiratory System47
-
E4: Reproductive System31
