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MC Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the MC presenting symptom in multiple myeloma?

A

back pain

think it invades the bones

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2
Q

What is the MC causes of death in a pt with multiple myeloma?

A

infections of the lungs and urinary tract

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3
Q

What is the MC cause of hyperparathyroidism? Name 3 additional causes

A

PTH adenoma

lithium

MEN1 MEN2a

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4
Q

What is the MC cause of hypoPTH?

A

some sort of neck sx

think thyroidectomy

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5
Q

What is the MC type of cyanotic congenital heart disease?

A

tetralogy of fallot

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6
Q

What are the four components of tetralogy of fallot?

A

pulm stenosis, VSD, overriding aorta, right vent hypertrophy

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7
Q

What are the MC pathogens that cause acute sinusitis?

A

Strep pneumoniae

H. flu

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8
Q

What is the MC etiologic agents that causes epididymitis in pt’s younger than 35?

A

Chlyamydia trachomatis

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9
Q

Where is the MC location of aortoenteric fistula formation?

A

duodenum

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10
Q

What is the MC type of acute leukemia in adults? What path finding? What s/s are common?

A

Acute myeloid leukemia

Auer rods

Fatigue, weakness, easy bleeding, pallor, bruising

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11
Q

What is the MC cause of acute pericarditis

A

think viral

COXSACKIE
adenovirsus
parovirus

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12
Q

What is the MC type of melanoma?

A

superficial spreading

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13
Q

What is the MC CXR pattern seen in patients with interstitial lung dz?

A

reticular opacities

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14
Q

What are the 2 MC pathogens that cause PNA in COPD pts?

A

H flu
strep pneumonia

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15
Q

What is the MC cause of vertebral osteomyelitis?

A

Hematogenous spread from a distant site of infection

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16
Q

How is Huntington dz inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant

CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion on HTT gene on chromosome 4

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17
Q

What is the MC cause of bronchiectasis?

A

CF

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18
Q

What is the MC initial presenting symptom of primary biliary cirrhosis?

A

pruritus

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19
Q

What is the MC injured knee ligament?

A

ACL

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20
Q

What is the MC cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?

A

minimal change dz

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21
Q

Which bone is MC fractured in children?

A

clavicle

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22
Q

What is the MC heart murmur heard for a pt who used IV drugs?

A

tricuspid regurgitation

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23
Q

What is the MC presenting symptom of a Wilms Tumor?

A

Abdominal mass

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24
Q

What is the MC type of thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary then follicular

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25
Which valve is the most commonly affected in a case of rheumatic heart disease?
Mitral valve
26
Which valve abnormality is MC associated with marfan syndrome? What is a second one?
mitral valve prolapse aortic regurg
27
What is the MC congenital heart malformation?
ventricular septal defect
28
What is the most common radiographic presentation of primary pulmonary tuberculosis?
Hilar adenopathy
29
What is the most common pathogen in pediatric bronchiolitis? 
RSV
30
What is the MC cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
amyloidosis
31
what is the MC CYANOTIC congential heart disease in childhood?
tetralogy of fallot
32
What is the MC signs of a pt presenting with PE?
tachypenia
33
What are the 2 MC bacterial foodborne diseases in the United States?
Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni
34
Patients with uncontrolled HTN (>140/90) what is a good birth control option for these patients?
copper IUD
35
_______ is the MC surgically correctable cause of male infertility
varicoceles
36
What is the MC human prior disease? What is the associated protein?
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease will show elevated levels of 14-3-3 protein
37
38
What part of the fallopian tubes is an ectopic pregnancy most likely to implant?
Ampulla
39
What is the MC cause of acute cardiogenic shock?
MI
40
What is the MC cause of spontaneous intracebral hemorrhage in adults?
hypertensive vasculopathy
41
What drug has the greatest risk of developing drug induced lupus?
procainamide
42
What is the MC type of kidney cancer in adults?
renal cell carcinoma
43
What is the MC symptom a pt with a right lacunar stroke will present with?
LEFT hemiparesis
44
What is the MC cyanotic congenital heart disease?
tetralogy of fallot pulm stenosis, overriding aorta, vent septal defect, RIGHT vent hypertrophy
45
What is the MC benign breast tumor?
fibroadenoma
46
What is the MC causative organism of meningitis in a 5 day old infant?
Group B Strep
47
What is the MC cause of intestinal obstruction in infants between 6-36 months of age?
intussusception
48
What is the MC cause of viral conjunctivitis?
adenovirus
49
large bowel obstructions are most commonly caused by?
adenocarcinoma
50
What is the MC cause of postpartum hemorrhage?
uterine atony
51
What is the MC hypercoagulable state?
factor V leiden
52
What is the MC cause of myocarditis worldwide?
Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)
53
54
What is the MC type of brain tumors in adults?
Glioblastomas
55
Which bacteria are most commonly associated with acute bronchitis?
Bordatella pertussis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae.
56
What is the most common cause of pleural effusion in the US?
heart failure
57
What test is helpful in ruling OUT the diagnosis of lupus?
antinuclear antibody very sensitive so it is usually positive in pts with the condition
58
What is the MC type of gastric cancer?
adencarcinoma
59
What is the MC type of colon cancer?
adenocarcinoma
60
hypocalcemia is most commonly caused by _______
thyroidectomy that causes low PTH
61
What is the MC cause of subarachnoid bleeding?
Ruptured berry aneurysm
62
What is the MC cause of blepharitis?
dysfunction of the meibomian glands
63
What is the MC type of vulvar cancer?
squamous cell carcinoma
64
_____ is the most common cardiovascular finding in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus
Pericarditis
65
What is the MC type of Salter-Harris fx?
type II: fracture ABOVE the physis
66
What is the MC cervical cord injury?
central cord syndrome
67
What lab should you order if you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning?
carboxyhemoglobin level
68
What age is foreign body aspiration most common?
3 years old
69
What is the MC complication of a proximal humerus fx?
adhesive capsulitis
70
What is the most commonly injured nerve in proximal humerus fractures?
axillary nerve
71
What is the MC complication of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
uveitis
71
What is the most common complication of thoracostomy tube placement?
chest tube malposition
72
Which beta-blocker is most commonly involved in severe beta-blocker poisoning?
propranolol
73
What is the MC abdominal malignancy in children?
Wilms tumor
74
Where do most esophageal impactions typical occur?
mid to distal 1/3 of esophagus
75
What is the MC type of breast cancer?
invasive ductal carcinoma
76
______ are the most common benign vascular tumors of childhood
Infantile hemangiomas
77
What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia in adults?
influenza virus
78
What is the MC cause of aortic regurg?
endocarditis
79
What is the MC cause of acute gastroenteritis?
viral norovirus
80
What is the most common cause of tricuspid valve stenosis?
rheumatic heart disease
81
What is the most common cause of minor hemoptysis in the emergency department?
acute bronchitis
82
What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?
scaphoid
83
What is the most common histologic cell type in ovarian cancer?
epithelial
84
Among previously healthy adults > 18 years old, ________ is the most common cause of community-acquired bacterial meningitis. What is the second MC?
Streptococcus pneumoniae-> most common Neisseria meningitidis -> 2nd most common
85
What is the MC type of bladder cancer?
Transitional cell carcinoma
86
What is the MC presentation of a pt with CLL?
lymphocytosis in an asymptomatic patient
87
What is the MC organism for cellulitis?
beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, especially Streptococcus pyogenes then staph aureus
88
What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients?
malignancy
89
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