psyb30 midterm 2

Question 1

expressing the self and communicating with others through such nonverbal forms as gesture, posture, body language, facial expressions, movement, and other paralinguistic operations

Answer 1

mimesis

Question 2

David Funder’s model for trait judgement, which argues that people are able to make accurate judgments of other’s traits when the person being judged does something relevant to the trait, when that information is available to the person, when the person detects the information, and when finally the person uses the information correctly

Four factors influence accuracy in trait judgment: the quality of the:
1. judge
2. target
3. trait
4. info that is available

Answer 2

Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM)

Question 3

the tendency to present oneself in an authentic way, displaying behavior that is congruent with one’s dispositional personality traits

Answer 3

expressive accuracy

social actors with high expressive accuracy tend to be easier to read, in terms of their personality traits, then are social actors low in expressive accuracy

those high in expressive accuracy are good targets

Question 4

the first self-report personality inventory. developed for classification of military recruits in World War I, the ________ assessed individual differences in clinically oriented traits

Answer 4

Woodworth Personal Data Sheet (WPDS)

came before MMPI

Question 5

one of the first and most widely used personality inventories, with 550 true-false questions and 10 clinical scales

Answer 5

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Question 6

a popular personality inventory for normal samples providing scores on 20 trait scales

Answer 6

California Psychological Inventory (CPI)

• measures normal personality traits and strengths

Question 7

tendencies for people to respond to the form rather than the content of items on personality questionnaires

for examples: yes-sayers may respond yes to nearly all items, while nay-sayers may respond no

Answer 7

response styles

Question 8

a term denoting the person’s desire to present a favorable impression in responding to test items

Answer 8

social desirability

Question 9

the consistency of a particular measure

Answer 9

reliability

Question 10

a good scale must be

Answer 10

reliable (consistent) and valid (does the scale measure what its supposed to measure)

Question 11

the extent to which a test’s results are consistent over time

Answer 11

test-retest reliability

Question 12

a form of reliability in personality measurement that refers to the extent to which the different items on a scale designed to measure one single thing correlated with each other

Answer 12

internal consistency

split half reliability (comparing first half of a test to the second half) is one way to assess internal consistency.

the more common way is to use the statistic alpha.

Question 13

the extent to which a test measures the construct that it is intended to measure

the most basic form of validity

Answer 13

construct validity

the most

Question 14

the degree to which the items of a test cover the entire content domain of a construct and are not confounded with other domains

Answer 14

content validity

Question 15

the extent to which different measures of the same construct relate to one another

Answer 15

convergent validity

Question 16

The extent to which a test is associated with external behaviors that it is designed to predict.

Answer 16

criterion validity

Question 17

The extent to which different measures of different constructs do not relate to one another.

Answer 17

discriminant validity

Question 18

refers to the degree to which a respondent views the test as fair and appropriate under the given conditions of administration.

Answer 18

face validity

Question 19

the interlocking system of propositions that constitute the theory of a given construct and the empirical findings that support or fail to support those propositions

Answer 19

nomological network

Question 20

the idea that the most important individual differences in personality functioning are encoded in language

Answer 20

lexical hypothesis

Question 21

a statistical procedure through which various items (as on a self-report questionnaire) are correlated with each other to determine the empirical clustering of the items

Answer 21

factor analysis

statistical method used to identify underlying factors (or traits) that explain patterns of correlations among many variables

ex used to reduce 171 trait terms to a smaller and more manageable set

Question 22

the five broad trait dimensions that consistently emerge in studies of self-report and peer-report ratings of personality traits

Answer 22

the Big Five

Question 23

what are the big five traits.

Answer 23

extraversion (E)

neuroticism (N)

conscientiousness (C)

agreeableness (A)

openness to experience (O)

Question 24

what are the subsets or facets of extraversion

Answer 24

sociability

assertiveness

energy level

Question 25

what are the subsets of facets of neuroticism

Answer 25

anxiety depressiveness emotional volatility

Question 26

what are the subsets of facets of conscientiousness

Answer 26

organization productiveness responsibility

Question 27

what are the subsets of facets of agreeableness

Answer 27

compassion respectfulness trust

Question 28

what are the subsets of facets of openness to experience

Answer 28

intellectual curiosity aesthetic sensitivity creative imagination

Question 29

a term referring to a group of smaller (more specific) traits within the larger (more general) trait within the Big Five

Answer 29

facet

Question 30

subdivisions of facets (which are subdivisions of the Big Five)

Answer 30

nuances

Question 31

a view of personality that conceives of personality traits as density distributions of states. the theory also posits that motivations are encompassed within traits

Answer 31

whole trait theory