psyb64 midterm 1

Question 1

toward the head of a four legged animal

Answer 1

rostral or anterior

Question 2

toward the tail or end of the four legged animal

Answer 2

caudal

Question 3

toward the belly

Answer 3

ventral

Question 4

toward the back

Answer 4

dorsal

Question 5

the bend in the neuraxis occurs where

Answer 5

at the junction of the brainstem and the forebrain

so dorsal parts of forebrain form an 80 degree angle with the dorsal parts of brainstem and spinal cord

Question 6

front- rear/back

Answer 6

anterior-posterior

Question 7

toward top - toward bottom

Answer 7

superior-inferior

Question 8

an imaginary line dividing the body into two equal halves

Answer 8

midline

Question 9

structures on the same side of the midline

Answer 9

ipsilateral

Question 10

structures on opposite sides of the midline

Answer 10

contralateral

Question 11

toward the midline

Answer 11

medial

Question 12

away from the midline

Answer 12

lateral

Question 13

closer to the center

Answer 13

proximal

Question 14

far away from the center

Answer 14

distal

Question 15

divides the brain front to back

Answer 15

coronal/frontal sections

Question 16

parallel to the midline, divides body into a left and right portion

Answer 16

sagittal section

Question 17

divides brain into two equal halves

Answer 17

midsagittal section

Question 18

divides the brain from top to bottom

Answer 18

horizontal/axial/transverse section

Question 19

are skull bones fully mature in infants

Answer 19

no they are born with skull bones that overlap each other, like tectonic plates of the earth, this design helps the movement of the baby’s head through the birth canal

Question 20

pulse at the top of a young babys head between the skull bones

Answer 20

soft sport or FONTANEL

Question 21

layers of membranes that cover the CNS

Answer 21

meninges

Question 22

outermost layer of three meninges

Answer 22

dura mater

Question 23

The middle layer of the meninges covering the central nervous system (CNS).

Answer 23

arachnoid membrane

Question 24

Nearly transparent membrane sticks closely to the outside of the brain

Answer 24

pia mater

Question 25

converts material from the nearby blood supply into CSF.

Answer 25

choroid plexus

Question 26

one of four hallow spaces within the brain that contain CSF.

Answer 26

ventricles

Question 27

where is cerebrospinal fluid secreted

Answer 27

ventricles

Question 28

lining of ventricles that transforms blood into CSF

Answer 28

choroid plexus

Question 29

The small midline channel in the spinal cord that contains CSF.

Answer 29

central canal

Question 30

nerve cells are called

Answer 30

neurons

Question 31

The small midline channel in the spinal cord that contains CSF.

Answer 31

central canal

Question 32

results from blockage in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 32

hydrocephalus - treated by installing shunts to drain off the excess fluid

Question 33

what is a spinal tap

Answer 33

when the physician withdraws some fluid from the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord through a needle usually done in the lumber region of the spinal cord in the lower back

Question 34

one of the two major blood vessels that travel up the side of the neck to supply the brain

Answer 34

carotid arteries

Question 35

one of the important blood vessels that enters the brain from the back of the skull

Answer 35

vertebral arteries

Question 36

what runs down the center of the spinal cord

Answer 36

central canal, which CSF circulates

Question 39

an area of neural tissue primarily made up of myelinated axons.

Answer 39

white matter

Question 40

Axons from sensory neurons that carrying information about touch, position, pain, and temperature travel up the

Answer 40

dorsal parts of spinal cord

Question 41

an area of neural tissue primarily made up of cell bodies

Answer 41

Grey matter

Question 42

the most caudal division of the brain, including the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Answer 42

hindbrain

Question 43

division of the brain lying between hindbrain and forebrain, including the superior and inferior colliculi, periaqueductal gray, red nucleus, and substantia nigra

Answer 43

midbrain

Question 44

the division of the brain containing the diencephalon and telencephalon

Answer 44

forebrain

Question 45

another name for medulla

Answer 45

myelencephalon

Question 46

which part of brain is responsible for functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

Answer 46

medulla or myelencephalon

Question 47

a collection of brainstem nuclei located near the midline from the rostral medulla up into the midbrain that regulates consciousness, arousal, movement and pain

Answer 47

Reticular formation

Question 48

a cranial nerve carrying information about smell to the brain

Answer 48

olfactory nerve I

Question 49

a cranial nerve carrying information from the eyes to the brain

Answer 49

optic nerve II

Question 50

a cranial nerve that carries information from the inner ear the brain

Answer 50

auditory nerve VIII (8)

Question 51

cranial nerves the control the muscles of the eye

Answer 51

oculomotor nerve III, trochlear nerve IV, abducens nerve VI

Question 52

a cranial nerve that controls the muscles of the neck

Answer 52

spinal accessory nerve XI

Question 53

A cranial nerve responsible for movement of the tongue.

Answer 53

hypoglassal nerve XII

Question 54

A cranial nerve that controls chewing movements and provides feedback regarding facial expression.

Answer 54

trigeminal nerve V

Question 55

A cranial nerve that produces muscle movement in facial expressions and that carries taste information back to the brain.

Answer 55

facial nerve VII

Question 56

A cranial nerve that manages both sensory and motor functions in the throat.

Answer 56

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)