psyc24

Question 1

by what age does a child’s brain reach around 75% of its adult weight

Answer 1

age 2

Question 2

what age does a child’s brain reach 90% of its adult weight

Answer 2

age 6

Question 3

the repetition of a particular response, thought, word, or action even when it’s no longer appropriate or relevant.

Answer 3

perseveration

Question 4

involves cognitive ability to organize and prioritize thoughts that arise from the various parts of the brain, allowing the person to anticipate, strategize, and plan behavior.

Answer 4

Executive Function

Question 5

executive function is nascent (just beginning to develop, form, or come into existence.) at what age

Answer 5

2

Question 6

recently seen and easily brought to mind

Answer 6

short term or working memory

Question 7

ability to control responses

Answer 7

inhibition

Question 8

ability to see things from other’s perspective

Answer 8

Flexibility (shifting)

Question 9

what are the three essential abilities of executive function?

Answer 9

1. short term/ working memory
2. inhibition
3. flexibility (shifting)

Question 10

are executive functions inborn?

Answer 10

no they are taught

Question 11

attributing lifelike qualities to inanimate (not alive) objects

Answer 11

animism

Question 12

Early childhood is a __________ to master vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation

Answer 12

sensitive period (best time)

Question 13

at the beginning of early childhood (2 years old) how many words do children know?

Answer 13

100-2000 words but on average 500 words

Question 14

at the end of early childhood (6 years old) how many words do children know?

Answer 14

5000 - 30 000words

on average 10 000 words

Question 15

at what age do children use long, seemingly unending sentences

Answer 15

6 years old up (end of early childhood)

Question 16

at what age do children use short (2-6 words)

Answer 16

age 2

beginning of early childhood

Question 17

Comprehension is greater than production during what

Answer 17

vocabulary explosion

Question 18

what is fast mapping

Answer 18

Speedy and sometimes imprecise way in which children learn new words by tentatively placing them in mental categories according to their perceived meaning

-Use what they know to understand and learn new words

Question 19

Inserting a word from one language while speaking in another language

Answer 19

code switching

Question 20

Application of rules of grammar even when exceptions occur (ex. Foots, tooths)

Answer 20

overregularization

Question 21

what is overregularization and when does it occur (at what age)

Answer 21

overregularization is when you apply the rules of grammar even when there are exceptions

occurs by age 4

Question 22

Practical use of language that includes the ability to adjust language communication according to audience and context

Answer 22

Pragmatics

Question 23

when the child becomes more fluent with the school language but may lose their home language

Answer 23

language shift

Question 24

Connecting cultural cues (clothing, music, face, dance, food) to a particular language

• cultural cues are not similar in anyway to language itself

Answer 24

acquired distinctiveness

Question 25

Cultural cues being used are similar to the language itself

Answer 25

structural isomorphy

Question 26

Taking cues from the face and associating it with the language

Answer 26

privileged relation

Question 27

children usually pass conservation tasks at what age

Answer 27

age 6

Question 28

the ability to understand that other people have their own thoughts, beliefs, desires, knowledge, and perspectives that may be different from one’s own.

Answer 28

Theory of mind (ToM)

Question 29

what are the names of the two main theories of cognitive development

Answer 29

1. Piaget's theory of cognitive development 2.information proessing

Question 30

support provided (by a teacher, peer, parent, or even tools) to help a learner succeed

Answer 30

scaffolding

Question 31

Refers to an individual's ability to regulate/control their emotions.

Answer 31

emotional regulation

Question 32

temper tantrums are less frequent by what age

Answer 32

age 6 at the end of early childhood

Question 33

your ability to postpone your gratification for another time.

Answer 33

Delayed gratification

Question 34

Vygotsky said that everyone is guided by what

Answer 34

mentors in an apprenticeship in thinking

Question 35

Vygotsky’s term for how cognition is stimulated and developed in people by more skilled members of society

Answer 35

Apprenticeship in thinking

Question 36

the process by which people learn from others who guide their experiences and explorations

Answer 36

guide participation

Question 37

what the learner could understand with guidance

Answer 37

zone of proximal development (ZPD)

Question 38

who said that everyone is guided by mentors in an apprenticeship in thinking and what theory is this

Answer 38

Vygotsky Sociocultural theory

Question 39

make us aware of the impact of early-childhood experiences, remembered or not, on subsequent development

Answer 39

psychoanalytic theories

Question 40

shows the effect that immediate responses, associations, and examples have on learning, moment by moment and over time

Answer 40

behaviorism

Question 41

the process by which people learn from others who guide their experiences and explorations

Answer 41

Guided participation

Question 42

the ability to postpone or deny the immediate response to an idea or behaviour

Answer 42

Impulse control

Question 43

to stay stuck in one thought or action for a longtime

Answer 43

perseverate

Question 44

actions that change overall background conditions to prevent some unwanted event or circumstance, such as injury, disease, or abuse.

Answer 44

primary prevention

Question 45

actions that avert harm in a high-risk situation, such as stopping a car before it hits a pedestrian

Answer 45

secondary prevention

Question 46

actions, such as immediate and effective medial treatment, that are taken after an adverse event (such as illness or injury) and that are aimed at reducing harm or preventing disability.

Answer 46

tertiary prevention

Question 47

the cognitive ability to organize and prioritize the many thoughts that arise from the various parts of the brain, allowing the person to anticipate, strategize, and plan behaviour

Answer 47

Execute function

Question 48

Executive function combines what three essential abilities

Answer 48

Memory Inhibition Flexibility

Question 49

what are the 4 limitations that make logic difficult:

Answer 49

Centration Focus on appearance Static reasoning Irreversiblity

Question 50

The tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation to the exclusion of all others

Answer 50

centration

Question 51

A young child ignores all attributes that are not apparent

Answer 51

focus on appearance

Question 52

Young child thinks that nothing changes. Whatever is now has always been and always be.

Answer 52

static reasoning

Question 53

Young child things that nothing can be undone. A thing cannot be restored to the way it was before a change occurred.

Answer 53

reversibility

Question 54

at what age do children understand cognition

Answer 54

after age 6 after the preoperational stage

Question 55

temporary support that is tailored to a learner’s needs and abilities and aimed at helping the learner master the next task in a given learning process

Answer 55

Scaffolding

Question 56

when a person imitates an action that is not a relevant part of the behaviour to be learned.

Answer 56

Overimitation

Question 57

the internal dialogue that occurs when people talk to themselves (either silently or out loud)

Answer 57

Private speech

Question 58

the idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear by construction theories

Answer 58

Theory-theory

Question 59

theory of mind rarely occurs before the age of

Answer 59

4

Question 60

A disciplinary technique that involves threatening to withdraw love and support, using a child’s feelings of guilt and gratitude to the parents.

Answer 60

physiological control