Rx_01.19

Question 1

Rotavirus: virus type

Answer 1

• double-stranded
• linear-segmented
• RNA virus
• no envelope
• **most prevalent cause of viral gastroenteritis in children

Question 2

Rabies: virus type

Answer 2

• Rabies = rhabdovirus
• single-stranded
• enveloped
• helical
• RNA virus

Question 3

Tx of Karposi sarcoma

Answer 3

alpha-interferon

Question 4

Interferons: MOA

Answer 4

• interferons = cytotoxic proteins that interfere w/viral protein expression and DNA synthesis
• types:
  
  • alpha-interferon
  • beta-interferon
  • gamma-interferon

Question 5

Interferons: uses

Answer 5

• alpha-interferon used for leukocytic effects in:
  
  • HepB, HepC
  • Karposi’s Sarcoma
  • leukemias
  • malignant melanoma
• B-interferon
  
  • MS
• y-interferon:
  
  • CGD

Question 6

Dx/identification/tx of Karposi-sarcoma-like lesions

Answer 6

• Bartonella ==> bacillary angiomatosis ==> cutaneous lesions ~= Karposi sarcoma
• Dx w/biopsy + Warthin-Starry silver stain
• Tx = erythromycin or doxycycline

Question 7

Presentation of leptospirosis

Answer 7

• post-freshwater ingestion
• high fever
• renal impairment
• mild hepatitis

Question 8

Organism + syndromes?

Answer 8

• Cryptocuccus neoformans
  
  • stained w/India Ink Stain
• most commonly: fungal meningitis in immunocompromised patients
• 2nd most common: cryptococcal pneumonia
  
  • initial site of innoculation = lung

Question 9

EBV: virus type

Answer 9

• **causes mononucleosis
• linear
• double-stranded
• enveloped
  
  • HSVs are only viruses that obtain envelope via budding from nuclear membrane
• DNA virus

Question 10

Agent that causes pneumonia + increased risk for liver cancer

Answer 10

aspergillus fumigatus (mold/fungus)

Question 11

Presentation/characteristics of Aspergillus infection

Answer 11

• Aspergillus ==> pneumonia/pulmonary disease ==> apergillomas (“fungus balls”)
  
  • fever, malaise, brownish sputum
• Produces aflatoxin ==> increased risk of liver cancer
• Appearance
  
  • mold w/septate hyphae that branch at a V-shaped 45-degree angle

Question 12

Dairy product consumption + spiking fever ==> dx?/characteristics

Answer 12

• Brucella melitensis
  
  • intracellular
  • ==> fever, weakness, weight loss
  • gram-negative coccobacilli
  • stain w/modified acid-fast stain

Question 13

Common meningitis cause in unimmunized children

Answer 13

• H. influenzae = gram-negative coccobacilli

Question 14

E. coli O157:H7 presentation

Answer 14

• undercooked hamburger meat ==> bloody diarrhea
• EHEC (enterohemorrhagic E. Coli) = strain that has acquired Shiga toxin ==> bloody diarrhea, ab pain, mild feer
• complication = hemolytic-uremic syndrome
  
  • low-platelet
  • anemia
  • renal failure/uremia

Question 15

Shigella presentation/characteristics

Answer 15

• Shigella =
  
  • gram-negative
  • non-lactose
  • oxidase negative
  • does not produce hydrogen sulfide (vs. Salmonella does produce Hsulfide)
• ==> bloody diarrhea + fever
• shiga toxin ==> hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 16

Hanta virus characteristics

Answer 16

• bunyavirus ==> hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
• contracted through exposure to deer-mouse dropping

Question 17

Flaviviruses characteristics

Answer 17

• Flavivirus ==>
  
  • Dengue fever
  • Yellow fever
• West Nile virus = Flavivurs
• Utilizes Aedes mosquito as vector

Question 18

Most common cause of atypical pneumonia (+Dx)

Answer 18

• mycoplasma pneumonia
  
  • cannot be cultured
• Dx via cold agglutin test
  
  • cold agglutin = IgM antibodies ==> agglutination of RBCs @ cold temps
  • X-ray = patchy interstitial pattern

Question 19

Tx of mot common atypical pneumo

Answer 19

• most commone = M. pneumonoiae
• tx = macrolide (usually azithromycin) for 5 days