Rx_2.4

Question 1

Virus that leads to neoplasm by inactivating p53 and Rb

Answer 1

• HPV
• E6 ==> p53
• E7 ==> Rb

Question 2

Top 3 common causes of death in people > 65yo

Answer 2

1. heart disease
2. malignancy
3. stroke

Question 3

Most common cause of death among children/adolescents

Answer 3

MVCs

Question 4

Metabolism of ethanol

Answer 4

1. Ethanol ==> acetylaldehyde
   
   1. Alcohol dehydrogenase + NAD⁺ (cofactor)
      
      1. inhibited by fomepizole [used in suspected methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning]
2. Acetylaldehyde ==> acetate
   
   1. Acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase + NAD⁺ (cofactor)
      
      1. inhibited by disulfuram ==> acetylaldehyde accumulation ==> disulfuram rxn

Question 5

Postpartum depression vs. postpartum blues

Answer 5

• postpartum blues =
  
  • fatigue
  • anxiousness about the infant
  • weeping, emotional lability
  • irritability
  • usually resolves w/10 days
• postpartum depression =
  
  • more serious
  • ~MDD
  • feelings of hopelessness and anhedonia
  • lasts 2 weeks to a year or more

Question 6

Characteristics/presentation of waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

Answer 6

• B-cell neoplasm ==> monoclonal M spike on serum protein electrophoresis
• ==> weakness, weight loss
• excess IgM protein ==> hyperviscosity syndrome ==> damage of small vessels
  
  • headaches
  • visual disturbances
  • nosebleeds

Question 7

Multiple myeloma presentation

Answer 7

• monoclonal M spike (IgG, IgA)
• lytic bone lesions ==> bone pain, hypercalcemia
• renal insufficiency, azotemia
• increased susceptibility to infection and anemia
• immunoglobulin light chain (Bence Jones’ protein) @ urine
• rouleax formation of RBCs on peripheral smear

Question 8

Presentation of intussusception

Answer 8

• intussusception = telescoping of one segment of bowl into another ==> obstruction
• common @ children 1-5yo