Flashcards in Vitamin K Deck (21)
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1
what are the 4 different types of vitamin K
1. phylloquinone K1
2. menaquinone K2
3. menaquinones MK-4 to MK-6
4. menadione K3
2
bacteria in the colon produce
menaquinones (little absorbed)
3
the amounts of menaquinones produced in colon are not sufficient for body needs
T
4
what foods provide the most phylloquinones
broccoli, kale, swiss chard, turnip, watercress, collard greens, spinach, salad greens
5
how are menaquinones synthesized in the colon
absorbed via passive diffusion (not well due to lack of bile salt emulsification)
6
what delivers vitamin K to the liver
chylomicron
7
______ take up phylloquinone and synthesize menaquinone (MK-4)
extrahepatic tissues
8
principal vitamer in tissues other than the liver
menaquinone -4
9
are vitamin K levels high or low in the liver
low (less than B12)
10
what is the vitamin k dependent enzyme responsible for carboxylation
gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
11
vitamin ___ has the most potent gamma-carboxylation activity (MK-4)
K2
12
what is required for the protein to become functional and enable it to chelate calcium and interact with other compounds
post-translational carboxylation
13
found primarily in the liver associated with the RER
gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
14
4 of 13 blood coagulation proteins require
post translational carboxylation (II (prothrombin),VII, IX, and X)
15
anticoagulation factors ___, ____, and ___ require post translational carboxylation
C, S, and Z
16
what are the 4 vitamin K dependent proteins
1. osteocalcin (osteoblast)
2. matrix Gla protein (mobilization of bone Ca)
3. kidney Gla protein (renal reabsorption of Ca)
4. growth arrest - specific protein (Gas6)
17
low intake of vitamin K is associated with
low bone mineral density
18
women treated with anticoagulants during pregnancy leading to bone abnormalities and impaired neurological development
fetal warfarin syndrome
19
doses greater than ___ of vitamin e interfere with vitamin k
800IU
20
deficiency of vitamin k causes
hemorrhagic disorders due to under-carboxylated blood clotting factors inability to bind calcium for thrombin generation
21
