1) Symptoms and Diagnosis Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the 3 core symptoms of depression?
Low mood
Lack of energy
Lack of enjoyment and interest
What are some examples of depressive thoughts?
Low self esteem
Guilt and self blame
Hopelessness
Suicidal thoughts
What are some biological symptoms associated with depression?
Early morning waking Diurnal variation of mood Reduced appetite Weight loss Psychomotor retardation Loss of libido
What is psychomotor retardation?
Slow moving or speaking
What are some examples of other presentations depression?
Agitated
Masked
Atypical
Psychotic
How does agitated depression present?
Patient is restless and agitated rather than psychomotor retarded
How does masked depression present?
Depressive symptoms less obvious
How does atypical depression present?
Over eating
Weight gain
Increased sleep
Fatigue
What other condition is atypical depression associated with?
Seasonal affective disorder
How does psychotic depression present?
Hallucinations, often auditory
Delusions
What is a hallucination?
False perception when there is no external stimulus
What is a delusion?
Idea or belief, held on inadequate grounds and not in keeping with patient’s education and cultural background
Give an example of depression in a specific context:
Post natal depression
How does the presentation of depression vary in different cultures?
Western world better at describing mental health so other patients may present with more physical symptoms e.g. tiredness
Describe some symptoms of mania:
Elated mood Increased energy Ideas of self importance Reduced sleep Flight of ideas
What are the ICD-10 classifications of depressive episodes?
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Severe with psychotic symptoms
What are the ICD-10 classifications of manic episodes?
Hypomania
Mania
Mania with psychotic symptoms
What is prevalence of depressive symptoms?
13-20%
What is the risk of depressive illness?
5-17%
What is the risk of bipolar disorder?
0.5-1.5%
What are some biological causes of depression?
Genetic
Brain illness
Physical illnesses
What are some psychological causes of depression?
Childhood experiences
View of yourself and the world
What are some social causes of depression?
Work, housing, finance
