Cell and Tissue Injury Flashcards
__________ is growth of cells, while ___________ is increase in the number of cells. Both can be physiologic or pathologic.
Hypertrophy; hyperplasia
______ is the shrinkage of cells.
Atrophy
Metaplasia is the __________.
reversible change in which one adult/differentiated cell type is replaced by another adult/differentiated cell type.
The esophagus is usually _______ tissue, but can undergo metaplasia in response to reflux.
stratified squamous epithelium
Metaplasias are named for the ________.
tissues that they differentiate to, not the tissues they arose from
The two types of reversible cell injuries that we need to know are _________.
cellular swelling (from disrupted ion pumps) and fatty changes (accumulated lipid vacuoles, not adiopocytes)
The two types of irreversible cell injuries that we need to know are __________.
apoptosis and necrosis
Pyknosis is _____.
nuclear shrinkage and increased basophilia
Karyorrhexis is _________.
nuclear fragmentation
Karyolysis is __________.
nuclear dissolution
Coagulative necrosis is characterized by _______.
dead cells that are pale; architecture in place for several days; found in MIs
Liquefactive necrosis occurs when ________.
the cytolytic enzymes released by leukocytes in response to a bacterial or fungal infection digests surrounding tissue
Caseous necrosis is a result of ___________.
tuberculotic granulomas
Caseating necroses are distinguished from liquefactive necroses by the presence of ______ in caseating necroses.
necrotic debris
Activated pancreatic lipases reacting with fats to produce fatty acids that precipitate with calcium is a form of necrosis called ________.
fat necrosis
