GI and Stool Flashcards
(21 cards)
proper digestion revolves around what 3 phases of function
oral - chewing, hydrating, enzymatic
gastric - hydrating, enzymatic, denaturing
biliary/pancreatic - enzymatic*, buffering, emulsifcation
oral phase produces what enzyme
what is its function
salivary amylase
CHO breakdown
gastric phase produce what enzyme(s)
what is there function
HCL and pepsin
denaturing
biliary/pancreatic phases produces what enzymes
HCO3 pancreatic amylase lipase proteases bile
gastrin is produced by what cells
gastrin is produced in response to what
G cells in the stomach
produced in response to stretching, chewing, and cephalic phase of digestion
what occurs when gastrin is produced
causes HCL production
also causes pepsinogen secretion
what are the 3 types of superficial gastritis
simple gastritis
atrophic gastritis
gastric atrophy
what are the gastrin levels in each type of superficial gastritis
simple gastritis - normal gastrin
atrophic gastritis - normal or slight elevation
gastric atrophy - high gastrin and achlorhydric
what are the 3 types of hyperplastic gastropathy
ZE syndrome
hypersecretory gastropathy
menetriers disease
what are the gastrin levels in each type of hyperplastic gastropathy
ZE syndrome - extreme hyperacidity
hypersecretory gastropathy - normal gasstrin but increased amounts of acid
menetriers disease - elevated gastrin but decreased amounts of acid
anti H pylori antibodies are elevated when
IgM - elevated 3-4 weeks and declines in 2-3 months after tx
IgA - elevates 2 months and declines in 3-4 weeks
IgG - elevated 2 months and stays elevated for 1 year after tx
stool tests are used to evaluate and determine function of bowel by checking for…
bleeding, infection, infestations, inflammation, malabsorption
what is the cardinal sign if there is inflamamtion in the bowel
if chronic inflammation is present what is the result
diarrhea
malabsorption
feceal fat confirms the diagnosis of what
steatorrhea
how is fecal fat determined
what is the level that is considered healthy
3 day collection to determine 24 hour output of fat - patient must eat 100 grams of fat for 3 days before the test and then continue eating 100 grams during the 3 day testing period
less than 6 grams
what is stool culture used to diagnose
culture and sensitivity
salmonella shigella campylobacter yersinia E coli clostridium staphylococcus
what is stool O & P used for
ova and parasites
hookworms
tapeworms
protozoa
cryptosporidium (seen immune compromised patients)
what is stool occult blood test used to determine
used to determine bleeds that are slow or high up in the GI tract
what can cause false positives on stool occult blood test
false positive (cause bleeding)
iron
NSAIDS
acetyl salicylic acid ASA
steroids
what can cause false negatives on stool occult blood test
false negative (no bleeding)
vitamin C
when performing a stool occult blood test what must the patient refrain from
avoid eating red meat for 3 days
avoid supplements and OTCs
