Flashcards in Protein and Myocardial Infarction Deck (29)
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1
what is the majority of protein in blood
albumin 60%
globulin 40%
2
what is albumin made up of
prealbumin and albumin
3
where is albumin made
liver
4
how is albumin a measure of liver function
diseased liver cells lose ability to create albumin so its decreased in liver damage
5
what is the main purpose of albumin
maintain osmotic pressure and transport substances - drugs, hormones, enzymes
6
does albumin increase or decrease the solubility of materials in blood
increases
7
where are globulins made
most are made in the reticular endothelial system
RE system and liver
8
what are globulins divided into
alpha globulins
beta globulins
gammaglobulins
9
what are the majority of alpha globulins
what type of protein are they
when are they elevated
alpha 1 anti-trypsin 90%
acute phase protein
inflammation, malignancy, infection
10
an absence of alpha globulins indicates what
absence of alpha 1 antitrypsin causes emphysema
11
what are the alpha globulin proteins
besides alpha 1 antitrypsin, the rest of the alpha globulins are thyroid or cortisol binding proteins
haptoglobulin
prothrmobin
ceruloplasmin
cholinesterase
12
what are the beta 1 globulins
what are the beta 2 globulins
beta 1 - lipoproteins, transferrin, plasminogen, compliment
beta 2 - fibrinogen
13
what are the gamma globulins
immune globulins
antibodies
14
what is serum protein electrophoresis
separates the components of the serum
electric current passed through sample and the charged proteins migrate into a pattern descriptive of certain diseases
15
what can be divided and fractioned out by electrophoresis if they is a spike
what does the pathologist due if they read a spike
what do these spikes mean
immunoglobin
classify it as monoclonal or polyclonal
monoclonal - multiple myeloma and waldenstroms macroglobulinemia
polyclonal - cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, chronic or acute inflammation
16
__% of MIs shows unequivocal evidence on ECG
__% of MIs show non specific changes
50%
30%
17
what is the usual presentation of MI
symptoms and evidence of tissue damage
18
patients with MI may exhibit a ___ within __ hrs of chest pain and may last a week or two
__ elevates and stays elevated for __
WBC increase
Mostly PMN
12-24 hrs
ESR --> 3-4 weeks
19
when does AST elevate in MI
elevates first 12 hrs
peaks at 24 hrs
normal in a week
20
when does LDH elevate in MI
elevates in 24-48 hrs
peaks at 48-72 hrs
normal in 5-10 days
21
where is CK found
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
brain
22
why is CK iso enzyme used
used to DDx cardiac from other sources of AST or LDH
23
CKBB or CK1 is found where
brain and lung
24
CKMB or CK2 is found where
cardiac muscle
25
when does CKMB elevate in MI
elevates 3-6 hrs
peaking 24 hrs
normal 48 hrs
26
CKMM or CK3 is found where
skeletal muscle mostly
little in cardiac muscle
27
Troponin T elevates when
how does it compare to CKMB
elevates 4-6 hrs
stays longer than CKMB
28
Troponin I elevates when
may elevate sooner than Troponin T
stays for 3-4 days
29
