Hair & Nail Disorders Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Hair & Nail Disorders Deck (36)
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1
Q

Define Onchomycosis

A

Nail infections caused by ANY fungus

2
Q

Risk Factors for Onchomycosis

A
Older age
DM
Swimming
Tinea pedis
Psoriasis
Immunodeficiency
Living with someone affected
3
Q

Presentation of Onychomycosis

A

Brittle
Lusterless
Hypertrophic
White/yellow/brown discoloration

4
Q

What can nail dystrophies occur with?

A
Psoriasis
Eczematous conditions
Senile ischemia
Trauma
Lichen planus
5
Q

Diagnosis of Onychomycosis

A

KOH examination
Nail culture (DTM)
Nail plate biopsy

6
Q

Treatment of Onychomycosis Recommended in Whom?

A

Hx of cellulitis of LE
DM + risk factors for cellulitis
Discomfort +/- pain
Desire treatment for cosmetic reasons

7
Q

First Line Treatment of Onychomycosis

A

Oral terbinafine (Lamisil)

8
Q

Alternative Treatment Options for Onychomycosis

A

Itraconazole (Sporanox)
Griseofulvin
Fluconazole (Diflucan)

9
Q

Monitoring for Treatment of Onychomycosis

A

LFTs
Hepatotoxicity
Hepatic failure

10
Q

Treatment for Onychomycosis can not be used with what medication class?

A

Statins

11
Q

Define Paronychia

A

Infection around fingernail

Bug: Staph aureus

12
Q

Treatment of Paronychia

A

Antibiotics
Warm soaks
I&D: serious cases

13
Q

Define Felon

A

Pulp space infection

14
Q

Presentation of Felons

A

Swollen
Exquisitely tender
Erythematous

15
Q

Treatment of a Felon

A

I&D
Antibiotics
Referral to hand surgeon

16
Q

Define Herpetic Whitlow

A

Herpetic infection by inoculation of the virus in the cuticle region

17
Q

Treatment of Herpetic Whitlow

A

Self-limited

Immunocompromised: oral acyclovir

18
Q

Define Onychocryptosis (Ingrown nail)

A

Lateral nail plate pierces the lateral nail fold & enters the dermis

19
Q

Presentation of Onychocryptosis

A

Pain
Edema
Exudate
Granulation tissue

20
Q

Predisposing Factors of Onychocryptosis

A

Poorly fitting shoes
Excessive trimming of the lateral nail plate
Trauma

21
Q

Treatment for a Mild to Moderate Onychocryptosis

A

Cotton wedging or dental floss

Soak foot in warm water for 20 minutes 3 times/day

22
Q

Treatment for a Moderate to Severe Onychocryptosis

A

Removal

Possible antibiotics

23
Q

Define Onychogryphosis

A

Deformed, curved nail

24
Q

Define Alopecia

A

Loss of hair in areas where it normally grows

25
Q

Define Androgenic Alopecia

A

Male pattern baldness

26
Q

4 Factors in Androgenic Alopecia

A

Genetic predisposition
Hormonal activity
Age
Gender

27
Q

Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia

A
Finasteride (Propecia)
Topical minoxidil (Rogaine)
28
Q

MOA of Androgenic Alopecia

A

Blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT

29
Q

Describe Alopecia Areata

A

Rapid hair loss in distinct, well-defined round or oval patches of COMPLETE hair loss
Possibly auto-immune

30
Q

What is alopecia areata associated with?

A

Vitiligo
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Addison’s disease
Pernicious anemia

31
Q

Treatment of Alopecia Areata

A

Intralesional steroids
Potent topical steroids
Topical immunotherapy
2nd: minoxidil, anthralin

32
Q

Describe Telogen Effluvium

A

Thinning/shedding of hair resulting from the early entry of hair into the telogen phase

33
Q

Risk Factors of Telogen Effluvium

A
Stress
Postpartum
Malnutrition
Crash dieting
Metabolic changes (TSH, ferritin, CBC, CMP)
34
Q

Treatment of Telogen Effluvium

A

Treat underlying causes

35
Q

Describe Trichotillomania

A

Impulse control disorder
Irregular, short growth hairs
Unilateral to patient’s dominant hand

36
Q

Treatment of Trichotillomania

A

SSRI

Cognitive therapy