Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oncology + Palliative > Other cancers > Flashcards

Other cancers Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of melanoma

A

Change in size, shape or colour of moles. Crusting, bleeding Asymmetry, irregular border, colour variation, diameter >6mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Treatment + grading used for melanoma

A

Breslow’s grading

Surgical excision Chemo - interferon alpha, Melphalan Immunotherapy Biological therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of head and neck cancer

A

Squamous carcinoma (larynx, pharynx, nasopharynx, oral cavity) Thyroid Salivary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RF for head and neck cancer

A

Betel quid Salty fish, EBV HPV positivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Red flag S+S of head and neck cancer

A

Hoarseness Dysphagia Odynophagia Unilateral Otalgia Enlarging neck lump Sore throat Stridor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Management for head and neck cancer

A

Early = radiotherapy or laser excision Late = radiotherapy + chemotherapy/ surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nasopharyngeal cancer features

A

Normally SCC Epistaxis, epiohoria, anosmia, parasthesia in cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oral cavity cancer features

A

SCC Related to smoking/ chewing tobacco Need extensive surgery due to lymphatic drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Characteristics of salivary gland tumours

A

80% in parotid, 80% benign Slowly enlarging painless mass Red flags: facial nerve weakness, ulceration of skin, intermittent pain, previous skin cancer or radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of high grade brain tumour

A

Gliomas (astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas + ependymomas) Glioblastoma multiforme Primary cerebral lymphomas Medulloblastomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of low grade brain tumours

A

Meningiomas, acoustic neuromas, neurofibromas, pituitary tumours, pineal tumours, craniopharyngiomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

RF for brain tumours

A

Ionising radiation Immunosuppression Inherited syndrome (neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Red flag symptoms of brain tumours

A

Severe, persistent early morning headaches Seizures Persistent N+V Diplopia Neuro defects of limbs Personality changes Papilloedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Management of brain tumours

A

Surgery first line RT = external beam, gamma knife treatment Chemo that can cross BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bladder cancer staging + main type

A

Usually TCC Ta = confined to epithelium T1 = Tumour in lamina propria T2 = Superficial muscle involved T3 = Deep muscle involved T4 = Invasion beyond bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

RF for bladder cancer

A

Males Age Smoking Aromatic amines - dyes, paint, metal, leather, textiles Chronic cystitis Schistosomiasis

17
Q

Red flags for bladder cancer

A

Painless haematuria Recurrent UTIs Voiding irritability

18
Q

Investigations for bladder cancer

A

Cytoscopy with biopsy + USS

CT urogram

19
Q

Management of bladder cancer

A

Diathermy via transurethral cytoscopy/ transurethral resection of bladder Chemo Late stage: radical cystectomy, adjuvant chemo

20
Q

Pathology + types of renal cancer

A

Arises from proximal renal tubular epithelium Wilms, clear cell carcinoma (most common), papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct

21
Q

RF for renal cancer

A

Smoking, obesity, HTN Males Dialysis, tuberous sclerosis, renal transplant recipients, cystic disease

22
Q

Red flags for renal cancer

A

Haematuria, loin pain, abdo mass, anorexia, weight loss, pyrexia of unknown origin Paraneoplastic symptoms (neuromyopathy, anaemia, polycythaemia)

23
Q

Management of renal cancer

A

Radical nephrectomy Biological therapies

24
Q

What is the mayo prognostic risk score?

A

SSIGN Predicts survival for renal cancer

25
Q

Types of testicular germ cell tumour + management

A

Teratomas or seminomas Treat with chemo

26
Q

Types of ovarian germ cell tumour

A

Mature teratoma (benign) - usually in reproductive years, called a dermoid cyst, surgically remove Immature teratomas (cancerous) - girls + young women in early 20s, 3 grades - surgery + chemo

27
Q

What are germ cell tumours outside ovaries and testicles?

A

Extragonadal germ cell tumours May arise from mediastinum Surgery + chemo

28
Q

What are the oncological emergencies?

A

Neutropenic sepsis Metastatic spinal cord compression Hypercalcaemia Superior vena cava obstruction

29
Q

What staging is used for cervical cancer?

A

FIGO

30
Q

Causes of hypercalcaemia + management for each

A

With hypophosphataemia = PTH or PTHrP release = treat with bisphosphanates

W/o hypophosphataemia = likely to be osteolytic bone mets + release of osteoclast activating factor

31
Q

How are DEXA scan results presented?

A

As a graph or number to say whether pt is osteopenic or porotic

Oncology + Palliative (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions