Indirect Statements

Question 1

How to make a direct statement indirect

Answer 1

Make the (nominative) subject accusative

Make the finite verb and infinitive

Nothing else changes

Question 2

The tense of the infinitive

Answer 2

Relative to that of the main verb

Present - action occurring at the same time as main verb
Perfect - action that prior to that of the main verb
Future - action which will occur subsequent to that of the main verb

Question 3

Dicit auroram terras novo lumine spargere

Answer 3

He says that dawn is sprinkling the lands with new light

Question 4

Dixit auroram terras novo lumine spargere

Answer 4

He said that dawn was sprinkling the lands with new light

Question 5

Dicet auroram terras novo lumine spargere

Answer 5

He will say that dawn is sprinkling the land with new light

Question 6

Dicit auroram terras novo lumine sparsisse

Answer 6

He says that dawn (sprinkled) has sprinkled the lands with new light

Question 7

Dixit auroram terras novo lumine sparsisse

Answer 7

He said that dawn had sprinkled the lands with new light

Question 8

Dicet auroram terras novo lumine sparsisse

Answer 8

He will say that dawn has sprinkled (sprinkled) the lands with new light

Question 9

He says that dawn will sprinkle the lands with new light

Answer 9

Dicit auroram terras novo lumine sparsuram esse

Question 10

He said that dawn would sprinkle the lands with new light

Answer 10

Dixit auroram terras novo lumine sparsuram esse

Question 11

He will say that dawn will sprinkle the lands with new light

Answer 11

Dicet auroram terras novo lumine sparsuram esse

Question 12

What is an indirect statement

Answer 12

The original speakers ideas reported by someone else

A statement that follows verbs that express actions that take place in the head such as saying, thinking, seeing, perceiving, knowing
- the statement is often introduced by the english word “that”

Question 13

Subordinate clauses in indirect statements verbs

Answer 13

are in the subjunctive

their tense is determined using tense sequence

this is because the person reporting the statement does not claim responsibility that what the subject says is true

Question 14

The man whom you see desires money

Answer 14

Vir quem vides pecuniam optat

Question 15

I say that the man whom you see (may see) desires money

Answer 15

Dico virum quem videas pecuniam optare

present subjunctive, primary sequence, simultaneous action after dico

Question 16

I said that the ma whom you saw (might be seeing) desired money

Answer 16

Dixi virum quem videres pecuniam optare

imperfect subjunctive, secondary sequence, simultaneous action after dixi

Question 17

Vir quem vidisti (videbas) pecuniam optat

Answer 17

The man whom you saw desires money

Question 18

Dico virum quem videris pecuniam optare

Answer 18

I say that the man whom you saw (may have seen) desires money

(perfect subjunctive, primary sequence, prior action after dico)

Question 19

Dixi virum quem vidisses pecuniam optare

Answer 19

I said that the man whom you had seen (might have seen) desired money

(pluperfect subjunctive, secondary sequence, prior action after dixi)

Question 20

Dico virum quem vides pecuniam optare

Answer 20

(use of the indicative rather than the subjunctive)

I say that the man whom YOU ACTUALLY SEE (and I accept responsibility for this statement) desires money