Flashcards in 13 - Head + Neck - Nose + Paranasal sinuses Deck (23):
1
What is the function of the nose and nasal cavity?
- Smell
- Filter + humidify air
- Resonating chamber for speech
- Drainage of paranasal sinuses + nasolacrimal ducts
2
Which bones form the root of the external nose?
- 2 x Nasal bones
- Maxilla
3
Name the boundaries of the nasal cavity and the associated bones:
Roof: Cribriform plate - nasal + frontal + ethmoid + sphenoid
Floor: Hard + soft palates - maxilla + palatine
Lateral: Conchae
Medial: Nasal septum - ethmoid + vomer + septal cartilage
4
What nerve gives general sensation to the nasal cavity?
Anterior-Superior = CN V1
Posterior-Inferior = CN V2
5
What is a septal haematoma? What is the complication of this if it isn't treated promptly?
Blood between the perichondrium + septal cartilage
Saddle deformity of the nose due to necrosis of cartilage
6
What are the symptoms associated with nasal polyps?
- Blocked nose
- Watery rhinorrhoea
- Post-nasal drip = cough
- Decreased sense of smell
- Decreased sense of taste
7
What is a nasal polyp?
Fleshy benign swelling of mucosa
Mobile + painless
Usually bilateral
Pale/yellow
Usually 40+ yrs
8
What is rhinitis?
Inflammation of nasal mucosal lining, usually caused by viral infection or allergen
9
What are the symptoms of rhinitis?
- Nasal congestion
- Rhinorrhoea
- Sneezing
- Nasal irritation
- Post nasal drip = cough
10
Name the 4 paired paranasal sinuses:
1) Frontal
2) Sphenoidal
3) Ethmoidal
4) Maxillary
11
Most paranasal sinuses drain into which meatus?
Middle meatus
12
What is the epithelium lining the paranasal sinuses?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar + goblet cells
13
What are the symptoms associated with acute sinusitis?
- Pain + tenderness over affected sinuses
- Rhinorrhoea
- Fever
- Malaise
- Non-resolving cold/flu
14
Which bacteria most commonly infect the paranasal sinuses?
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
15
How can sinusitis cause orbital cellulitis?
Infections of the ethmoidal air cells can infiltrate into the medial wall of the orbit
16
Name the area of the nose from which 90% nosebleeds occur:
Keisselbach's plexus
17
Which arteries supplying the nasal mucosa arise from the roof of the cavity?
- Anterior Ethmoid artery
- Posterior Ethmoid artery
18
Which artery supplying the nasal mucosa arises from the posterior wall, and accounts for 5% nosebleeds?
Sphenopalatine artery
19
Which arteries supplying the nasal mucosa arise from the floor of the cavity?
- Greater palatine artery
- Superior labial artery
20
What is epistaxis?
Nose bleeds
21
What is the management of epistaxis?
- Pinch in front of bridge of nose + lean forward
- Cauterise visible bleeding point
- Anterior packing
- Posterior packing
- Surgical ligation
22
How can CSF reach the nasal cavity following trauma?
- Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone fractures
- Dura mater around christa galli ruptures
- CSF leaks into nasal cavity
23