Flashcards in 2 - HaDSoc - Lay beliefs + Health promotion + PROMs Deck (25)
Loading flashcards...
1
What is a lay belief?
The understanding someone with no specialised knowledge has of health and illness
2
What is the negative definition of health, and which group of people commonly hold this belief?
- Health is simply the absence of illness
- Lower socio-economic class
3
What is the functional definition of health, and which group of people commonly hold this belief?
- Health means you can function normally
- Elderly
4
What is the positive definition of health, and which group of people commonly hold this belief?
- Health is a state of wellbeing and fitness to work towards
- Higher socio-economic class
5
If someone has a negative perception of health, how will this impact on their health-related behaviours?
- Will not reduce risky health behaviours as they are not currently causing illness
- May not think to change current behaviours to more positive health behaviours, as do not view health as a state to work towards
6
What are the main factors determining whether someone goes to see a healthcare professional or not?
- Culture
- Visibility of symptoms
- How much the symptoms disrupt life
- Frequency and persistency of symptoms
- Tolerance threshold
- Own understanding of symptoms
- Advice of friends/family
7
What is meant by 'lay referral'?
When an ill person seeks the advice of a lay person before/instead of seeing a healthcare professional
8
What are the 3 main ways people respond to a diagnosis and susequent treatment?
1) Denial - refuse diagnosis and treatment
2) Accepting - fully adhere to treatment
3) Pragmatic - only comply when illness is bad (will not take preventative treatment)
9
What is the ultimate goal of health promotion?
Enable people to increase control over and improve their overall health, via social and environment interventions
10
What are the 7 principles of health promotion?
1) Empowering
2) Holistic (includes physical/social/mental/spiritual health)
3) Participatory
4) Intersectoral (not just health)
5) Equitable
6) Sustainable
7) Multi-strategy
11
What are the 5 main approaches of health promotion?
1) Medical/preventative ie immunisation/screening/rehab
2) Behaviour change ie persuasive campaign
3) Educational
4) Empowerment - provide people with the tools to implement change
5) Social change ie public smoking ban
12
What are the sociological criticisms of health promotion?
- Too much surveillance, not enough self-empowerment
- 'Victim blaming' - responsibility of illness is due to individual rather than environment
- Privileges certain lifestyles
13
What dilemmas can result due to health promotion?
- Interfering = 'nanny state' - removes personal choice
- Victim-blaming
- Dis-empowering - behaviour may not be due to ignorance but other social/environmental factor that they cannot change
- Reinforce negative stereotypes
- Unequal distribution of responsibility ie healthy-eating campaign targeted at women
14
What are the 3 types of health promotion evaluation?
1) Process - assess how it is being implemented
2) Impact - assess immediate impact
3) Outcome - assess long-term impact
15
What factors make it difficult to define whether a campaign resulted in an effect?
- Lag time from intervention to effect
- Many other factors could have contributed to effect
- Evaluation is expensive
16
What type of health promotion is the 'Dry January' campaign?
- Preventative
- Educational
- Empowering
- Behaviour change
17
What type of health promotion is the planned sugar tax?
- Preventative
- Behaviour change
- Educational
- Social change
18
What are the possible dilemmas which will result due to the sugar tax?
- Interfering 'nanny state'
- Disempowering
19
What are 'PROMs' and how do we use them?
Patient Reported Outcome Measures
Assess well-being from patients point of view to:
- Improve clinical management of patients
- Compare providers of services = improves quality of services
20
Why use Patient Reported Outcomes?
- Good measure of care management (important as chronic illness is increasing)
- Allow patient-centred care - can address concerns
- Alerts to iatrogenic effects of care
21
What are the challenges of using PROMs?
- Not always cost-effective
- Lack of patient participation
- Misuse
22
What is 'Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)'?
The impact of health on someones life, taking into account:
- Physical function
- Symptoms
- Psychological well-being
- Social well-being
- Cognitive functioning
- Personal view (stigma/self-satisfaction)
- Satisfaction with care
23
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using qualitative methods to assess HRQoL?
Ad: Good at accessing wide range of information
Useful to inform further quantitative research
Disad: Expensive/resource hungry
Not easy to evaluate
24
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using generic quantitative methods to assess HRQoL?
Ad:
- Good for broad range of problems
- Enable comparisons
- Good at detecting unexpected effects of interventions
Dis:
- Less detailed, results may be too generic (compared to qualitative)
- Less sensitive
25
