Flashcards in Globalisation Deck (29)
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1
globalisation definition
a process by which national economies, societies and cultures have become increasingly integrated through the global network of trade, communication, transport and immigration
2
how is communication influenced by globalisation
people are interlinked more so can communicate more easily. social media heavily involved. means we know what is occurring around the world more
3
how is the environment impacted by globalisation (positively and negatively)
countries can come together to help and set policies - also companies such as the WWF can benefit more as we are all joined together
more trade can also mean more pollution- bad. rainforests cut down
4
in 1983 90% of American media was owned by how many companies
50
5
in 2011 90% of American media was owned by how many companies
6
6
what do international flows of capital refer to
refers to all financial transfers between companies for investment, trade or production
7
the flow of capital in the 20th century was boosted by..
the deregulation of financial services- allowing banks and companies to more freely move money across national boundaries
8
what is remittance
transfers of money from migrants to relatives back home- flows of capital back to periphery nations
9
what is FDI
foreign direct investments-- money or assets invested by TNCs
10
what is the IMF
international monetary fund- aims to allow economic stability and foster international trade
11
how much global FDI was there in 2016
$1500 billion
12
how has flows of trade changed in recent years
manufacturing has decreased in more developed countries due to lower labour costs overseas. companies then import the products to the countries where they are sold (eg Dyson is produced in Malaysia but sold in the UK)
13
international trade in manufactured goods is increasing, in the UK how much was imported in 1990 compared to 2008
UK imported £200 billion of manufactured goods in 1990 and £550 billion in 2008
14
changing flows of products has caused countries to be ...
interdependent
15
causes of globalisation
the movement of: information, capital, products, services and labour
16
how has globalisation impacted information and communications technology (ICT)- particularly banking
has allowed services to become global industries. banking depends on communication and the transfer of information. improvements to ICT has meant that services can locate anywhere in the world and be able to serve customers around the world
17
what is an economy of scale
cost advantage of large scale output of a product as savings are made by spreading the costs over more units
18
example of an economy of scale
ford fiesta new bonnet -- research ($1.5 mil), design ($0.5 mil), development ($2 mil), manufacture ($3 mil). all together= $7 mil. sold 10 million cars so each new bonnet cost 70 cents
19
how many countries is coca cola sold in
all countries bar north Korea
20
main dimensions of globalisation (flows)
flows of capital
flows of labour
flows of products
flows of services
flows of information
21
where is the largest flow of labour
mexico to the USA
22
why is there a large flow of labour from Mexico to the USA
increased opportunity in the USA
geographical proximity
23
what is global shift
global shift is the movement of manufacturing to lower wage economies
24
what is high skilled labour
high paid, decision making, research and managerial occupations. largely focussed in developed countries
25
what is low skilled labour
poorly paid assembly occupations. focussed in developing nations with low labour costs
26
what are global peripheries
areas relatively unaffected by global interactions of globalisation
27
example of a global periphery
mainly Africa - as it predominantly underdeveloped and faces many social challenges (eg segregation in South Africa)
28
what are global cores
industrialised countries on which periphery and semi periphery nations depend. they control and benefit the global economy
29
