Microbiology Comprehensive Exam Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
The comma-shaped bacterium:
A
Vibrio
2
Q
What kind of immunity is given by vaccination?
A
Artificial active acquired
3
Q
Clostridium species require which condition:
A
Anaerobic
4
Q
The protein components of invaders that the body recognizes as foreign:
A
Antigens
5
Q
The protein that is produced by the body to combat viruses:
A
Interferon
6
Q
In a dead body, clostridium perfringens causes:
A
Tissue gas
7
Q
Because bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus, the _____ is immersed in the _____.
A
- Nuclear material
* Cytoplasm
8
Q
Clostridium botulinum
A
Botulism
9
Q
Variola
A
Smallpox
10
Q
Vibrio cholerae
A
Asiatic cholera
11
Q
Herpes simplex I
A
Cold sores
12
Q
Rubella
A
German Measles
13
Q
An example of a vector would be a:
A
Insect
14
Q
Streptococcus pyogenes
A
- Scarlet Fever
* Rheumatic Fever
15
Q
Salmonella enteritidis
A
Salmonellosis
16
Q
Yersinis pestis
A
The plague
17
Q
Clostridium perfringens
A
- Tissue gas
* Gas gangrene
18
Q
Treponema pallidium
A
Syphilis
19
Q
The study of the structure and shape and form of an organism is called:
A
Morphology
20
Q
This is formed by certain bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis in adverse conditions. It is extremely durable, and it may last for centuries before germination:
A
- Spore
* Endospore
21
Q
The function of a slime layer or mucoid capsule:
A
Protection against adverse conditions, including drying
22
Q
An organism that prefers oxygen, but that can survive without:
A
Facultative anaerobe
23
Q
A microorganism that causes a disease is a:
A
Pathogen
24
Q
Pathogenic bacteria thrive at which Celsius degree?
A
37
25
Occurs only as an occasional case
Sporadic
26
Spreads to more than one country
Pandemic
27
Rapid onset and short course
Acute infection
28
Strength of the pathogen
Virulence
29
The smallest unit in which a living organism can survive independently is:
Cell
30
A bacterium that absolutely requires oxygen for survival:
Obligate aerobe
31
What is considered a fomite?
Door knobs
32
Molds are classified as:
Fungi
33
Bacteria usually reproduce by:
Binary fission
34
Bacteria that prefer cold:
* Psychophiles
| * Cryophiles
35
The immunity possessed by a person who has had and recovered from a disease:
Natural active acquired
36
The living material that makes up a cell is called:
Protoplasm
37
The simplest animals which are mostly unicellular is:
Protozoa
38
The branch of biology that deals with the studies of viruses is called:
Virology
39
Serum hepatitis is which type of hepatitis:
Hepatitis B
40
The purpose of pili in some bacteria is for:
Reproduction
41
Bacteria that occur in pairs are called:
* Diplococci
| * Diplobacilli
42
Slow onset and long duration
Chronic infection
43
An infection which occurs where another infection is already present
Secondary infection
44
The only active infection present
Primary infection
45
Caused by 2 different organisms
Mixed infection
46
The rigid, polysaccharide structure that encloses bacteria:
Cell wall
47
Mycology is the study of:
Fungus
48
The immunity given by transfer of antibodies from one person to another (example - Gamma Globulin):
Artificial passive acquired
49
An organism that prefers decaying organic matter, but that can survive as a parasite:
Facultative parasite
50
An acute viral infection of the nervous system (brain). May cause a person to fear water:
Rabies
51
One who harbors and disseminates pathogens without having had the disease is this type of carrier:
Passive
52
Most sexually transmitted diseases enter the body through the:
Genitourinary track
53
An agent which liberates gases or fumes for the specific purpose of the destruction of insects and microorganisms
Fumigant
54
What is defined as the invasion of the body by living microorganisms, which subsequent multiplication and disease production?
Infection
55
One who discharges pathogens in fecal matter is said to be this type of carrier:
Intestinal
56
What microorganisms produce disease only under especially favorable conditions?
Opportunists
57
What defines a condition in which bacteria are found in the blood, but are not multiplying there?
Bacteremia
58
Epidemic Parotitis:
Mumps
59
The causative agent of influenza is:
Virus
60
The aerobic or capnophilic organism that has killed more people than any other. It's transmitted by droplets, dust feces and milk. The focal point is the lungs:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
61
Ticks are the transmitter of what:
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
62
The immunity we are born with is called:
Natural immunity
63
Saliva is responsible for which viral infection:
Rabies
64
A germicide is an example of:
Disinfection
65
An infection which is caused by organisms which normally reside in the body:
Endogenous
66
Cryptococciosis, which is often mistaken for a brain tumor, is caused by a:
Fungus
67
Toxins that are released only when the cell producing them is destroyed or disintegrated are called:
Endotoxins
68
The causative agent of a disease modified in such a manner that it will no longer cause the disease, but will still promote the production of antibodies
Vaccine
69
A prion causes:
Creutzfeldt Jakob
70
The organism that causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever:
Rickettsia rickettsii
71
What has been attributed to serum hepatitis?
Sharing of needles
72
What is a type of decomposition of fats?
Lipolysis
73
Presence of toxins in the blood produces a condition called:
Toxemia
74
Coughing, talking, sneezing are what type of transmission?
Droplet infection
75
Infections that are passed on from the mother to the baby through the placenta are called:
Congenital infection
76
A virus attacks the respiratory tract:
Pneumotrophic
77
The destruction of all microorganisms and their products is:
Sterilization
78
Coxiella burnetti causes _____, and is considered a _____:
* "Q" Fever
| * Rickettsia
79
A mode of direct disease transmission is:
Droplet spray
80
Which structure contains the material of inheritance?
Nucleic acid
81
The organism that causes malaria:
Plasmodium malariae
82
An enzyme that dissolves or destroys a blood clot:
Fibrinolysin
83
An infection caused by organisms which come from outside the body:
Exogenous
84
Infections that involve the whole body, by way of the lymph system and blood stream are:
General
85
Molds, mushrooms and yeasts are:
Fungi
86
What is said to inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction without necessarily destroying the organisms?
Antisepsis
87
Physical contact would be considered:
Direct contact
88
This organism causes blindness, NGU and NSU:
Chlamydia trochomatis
89
The study of the capability of an organism to resist and overcome a disease or infection is called:
Immunology
90
A group of microorganisms that are arranged in a cluster resembling a bunch of grapes are called:
Staphylococci
91
Treponema pallidum causes an STD, and is a:
Spirochete
92
Mutually advantageous
Symbiosis
93
A mutually beneficial but necessary arrangement between bacterium
Mutualism
94
Benefitting of 1 organism without affecting the other
Commensalism
95
The presence of certain bacteria inhibiting the growth of others
Antagonism
96
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Primary atypical pneumonia
97
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gonorrhea
98
Clostridium tetani
Tetanus
99
Leptospira interrogans
Leptospirosis
100
What kind of immunity is given through placental transfer of antibiotics?
Natural passive acquired
101
Sir Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered:
Penicillin
102
The long, hair-like processes that by their lashing activity cause a microorganism to move:
Flagella
103
Substance produced by body cells to combat foreign proteins:
Antibodies
104
Round bacteria that are organized into chains:
Streptococci
105
Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax
106
Salmonella typhi
Typhoid fever
107
Corynebacterium diptheria
Diptheria
108
Francisella tularensis
Tularemia (rabbit fever)
109
This disease is caused by a diplococci:
Gonorrhea
110
Lock jaw is the common name for the disease:
Tetanus
111
Yeasts and molds are destroyed by which of the following:
Fungicide
112
Smallpox is caused by:
Virus
113
A protein produced by the blood or lymph in response to an antigen is called:
Antibody
114
Malaria is caused by a:
Protozoa
115
A glycoprotein substance developed in response to, and interacting specifically with an antigen:
* Antibody
| * Immunoglobulin
116
Ultraviolet rays contained in direct sunlight:
Are bacteriocidal
117
Mechanical body defenses include:
* Cilia
* Intact skin
* Mucous membranes
118
The virus that causes chickenpox and shingles:
Varicella zoster
119
What is an example of a fomite?
Towel
120
The most effective method of sterilization is:
Steam under pressure
121
What can be transmited by a mosquito?
Yellow fever
122
The association of certain species to accomplish harmful or beneficial results
Synergism
123
Rubeola
Measles
124
The rod-shaped bacterium:
Bacillus
125
Salmonella typhi
Typhus Fever
126
Rickettsia prowazekii
Epidemic (louse borne) typhus
127
This disease attacks the lining of the intestinal track:
Gastroenteritis
128
Clostridium species are:
Gram positive bacilli
129
The identification of a comma shaped bacillus under a microscope would signify:
Vibrio cholerae
130
An infection of the blood with actual growth and multiplication of pathogens in the blood:
Septicemia
131
Salmonella infections are primarily transmitted by:
Ingestion
132
The organism that causes Thrush in children and AIDS patients:
Candida albicans
133
Amebic dysentery is caused by a:
Protozoan
134
Strict (obligate) parasites are organisms that receive their nutrients from:
* Living animals
| * Plants
135
If the portal of entry was the alimentary track, that means the organism has entered the body by way of:
Eating
