Flashcards in Parksinsons Deck (68)
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1
Age of presentation of Parkinson’s ?
45-60
2
Parkinsonism triad?
Bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity. Usually bilateral but can start unilateral
3
What happens to tremor in Parkinson’s ?
Disappears with activity
4
What is rigidity?
Increased resistance to passive movement
5
What is rigidity like throughout the range of movement ?
Equal throughout
6
Gait in Parkinson’s ?
Show, shuffling gait
7
Arms and posture during walking ?
Stopped posture and reduced arm swing
8
What is speech like ?
may be slow and monotonous. In late stage disease may be slurred, or even lost
9
Power and sensory loss?
Power remains normal and there is no sensory loss
10
What other psychiatric conditions associated with Parkinson’s ?
Dementia and depression
11
Why do you get hallucinations.
A combination of the disease and the drugs used. Often they are not unpleasant
12
What are kayser fleisher rings seen in?
Wilson’s disease (copper)
13
Which drugs can cause Parkinsonism?
Drugs (usually dopamine antagonsists)–e.g. prochlorperazine, metoclopramide (antiemetics) phenozanthines, butyrophenones (neuroleptics)
14
pathological hallmark of parkinsons disease
prominent dopaminergic neurone loss in the substantial nigra with alphasyneuclein containing lewey bodies and lewey neurites
15
which part of the brain is the substantial nigra found?
basal ganglia
16
what are upper motor neurone features?
pyramidal weakness and spasticity
17
triad of parkinsonianism?
bradykinesia, resting tremor and rigidity
18
Fragments of movements flow irregularly from one body segment to another causing a dance-like appearance?
chorea
19
what does PD present with?
PD presents with tremor, muscular rigidity, akinesia, rest tremor, and gait and postural impairment
20
which subtype has the slower rate of progression ?
tremor dominant
21
non motor features of PD?
olfactory dysfunction, cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms, sleep disorders, autonomic dysfuncLon, pain, and faLgue.
22
when does diagnosis occur in PD?
with the onset of motor symptoms
23
what is progression of PD characterised by?
progression of motor symptoms
24
Neuronal loss in PD occurs in many other regions including?
ocus ceruleus, nucleus basalis Meynert, pedunculoponLne and raphe nuclei, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, amygdala, hyopthalamus
25
how are lewey bodies formed?
Misfolded α-synuclein,which is insoluble and aggreagated, forms intracellular inclusions (Lewy bodies)
26
Prolonged muscle spasms and abnormal postures
dystonia
27
Fragments of movements flow irregularly from one body segment to another causing a dance-like appearance
chorea
28
a parasomnia characterized by abnormal or disrupLve behaviours (such as talking, laughing, shouLng, gesturing, grabbing, punching, kicking,, sirng up in bed)
Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour
29
treatment of rapid eye movement sleep disorder?
clonazepam or malatonin
30
