Flashcards in Pharma 10.2 Chemotherapy Deck (16):
1
What are the 5 types of chemotherapy agents
alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, spindle poisons, bleomycin, anthracycline antibiotics
2
How do alkylating agents work?
Forms covalent bonds intrastrand or
interstrand between DNA strands
3
Name the 2 anti-metabolites. How do the 2 anti-metabolites work?
5-FU - Inhibits thymidylate synthase, Needed to form pyramidines
Methotrexate - Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, needed to form purines and thymine
4
Name some ADRs of chemotherapy agents
myelosuppression, weight loss, N&V, cardiotoxicity, alopecia, sepsis
5
What are the 3 methods in which resistance can arise in a tumour?
Decreased entry or exit of agent, Enhanced repair of DNA lesions, inactivation of agent in cell
6
Give an example alkylating agent.
cisplatin
7
How do spindle poisons work?
Affects the microtubular structure
of spindle fibre formation Either by Inhibit their formation (vinca alkaloids) or by Causing excessive polymerisation (taxanes)
8
How do you administer chemo?
In doses to allow bone marrow to recover
9
How do you monitor chemotherapy?
Tumour marker blood test, bone marrow testing, radiological imaging
10
Give example spindle poisions
taxane - paclitaxel
Vinca alkaloid - vincristine, vinblastine
11
How does bleomycin work?
Produces superoxide and hydroxde free radicals
12
Give 2 example anthracycline antibiotic
doxorubicin, daunorubicin
13
How do anthracycline antibiotics work?
Intercalates between spaces between DNA base pairs which stops normal replication and generates free radicals - triggers apoptosis
14
How can a cell increase the exit of a chemo drug?
Expression of MDRP
15
How can a cell decrease entry of a chemo drug?
Downregulation of active carrier
16