Anatomy and auditory and visual pathways

Question 1

Where can the cochlear nuclei be found?

Answer 1

Ventrally and dorsally on either side of the inferior cerebellar peducle

Question 2

What is the pathway of auditory neurones?

Answer 2

Vestibulococochlear nerve - spiral ganglion
Doral and ventral cochlear nuclei
Superior olivary nucles
Inferior colliculus (midbrain)
Medial geniculate nucleus in thalamus
Primary auditory cortex of the superior temporal gyrus; brodmanns area 41 and 42

Question 3

Do auditory fibres run in the internal capsule?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What occurs with damage to broca’s area?

Answer 4

Difficulty in production of language, often using few words and only saying the most important things in a sentence
No difficult comprehending language

Question 5

What occurs with damage to wenicke’s area?

Answer 5

Difficult comprehending language. Conversation will have words out of order or be complete gibberish

Question 6

Where is brocas area?

Answer 6

Frontal lobe

Question 7

Where is wernickes area?

Answer 7

Temporal lobe

Question 8

What systems does equilibrium maintenance rely on?

Answer 8

Vision
Proprioception
Vestibular apparatus - labyrinth

Question 9

How many vestibular ganglia are there?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

What is the significance of the medial longitudinal fasciculus?

Answer 10

Connection from vestibular nuclei to CN 3,4 and 6 to coordinate eye movement with head position - Vestibulo-ocular reflex

Question 11

What does the vestibulospinal tract connect?

Answer 11

The vestibular system with the spinal cord - muscular input

Question 12

What is meyer’s loop?

Answer 12

Fibres from the geniculocalcarine tract form part of the internal capsule initially
Those carrying visual information from the upper half of the visual field will loop around the lateral ventricle into the temporal lobe before reaching at the lower half of the visual cortex below the calcarine sulcus