Flashcards in Basic Arrhythmias Deck (77)
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What are the two types of cells in the heart?
Electrical cells
Mechanical cells
1
What do electrical cells do?
Initiate and conduct impulses
2
What do mechanical cells do?
Contract in response to stimulation
3
What is polarization?
Electrical charges are balanced and ready for discharge
4
What is depolarization?
Discharge of energy that accompanies the transfer of electrical charges across the cell membrane
5
What is repolarization?
Return of electrical charges to original state
6
What part of the heart pathway stimulates the mechanical cells?
Perkinje fibers
7
What is the inherent rate of the SA node?
60-100
8
What is the inherent rate of the AV junction?
40-60
9
What is the inherent rate of the ventricles?
20-40
10
What determines what will be the pacemaker?
The site with the fastest rate
11
What is the normal pacemaker?
SA node
12
What is it called when a site speeds up and takes over as pacemaker?
Irritability
13
What is it called when the normal pacemaker slows down or fails and a lower site assumed pacemaker responsibility?
Escape
14
Sympathetic stimulation causes what three things with the heart?
Increase heart rate
Increase AV conduction
Increase irritability
15
Parasympathetic stimulation causes what three things in the heart?
Decreased heart rate
Decreased AV conduction
Decreased irritability
16
What does the sympathetic branch influence in the heart?
Both the atria and the ventricles
17
What does the parasympathetic branch influence in the heart?
Atria
18
Is it negative or positive inside a cardiac cell?
Negative
19
Is it positive or negative outside a cardiac cell?
Positive
20
What electrolyte is inside cardiac cells?
Potassium
21
What electrolyte is outside a cardiac cell?
Sodium
22
What is the isoelectric line?
Straight line produced on EKG machine that means no current is flowing
23
If the flow of electricity is toward the positive electrode what will the EKG machine produce?
An upward deflection
24
If the flow of electricity is toward the negative electrode what will the EKG machine produce?
A downward deflection
25
How much time in between two tic marks?
3 seconds
26
What does the height of the deflection indicate?
The voltage
27
Which lines measure voltage?
Horizontal
28
Which line measures time?
Vertical lines
29
