Flashcards in Patient Assesment Deck (131)
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What are the four steps of medical patient assessments?
Scene size up
Initial assessment
Focused history/physical exam Ongoing assessment
1
What are five steps of patient assessment for trauma patients?
Scene size up
Initial assessment
Focused history/physical exam
Detailed physical exam
Ongoing assessment
2
What are five objectives of scene size up?
BSI/Scene Safety
Mechanism of injury/nature of illness
Number of patients
Request additional assistance
Consider C-spine immobilization
3
What are three factors to evaluate the mechanism of injury of the patient?
The amount of force applied to the body
The length of time the force was applied
The area of the body involved
4
What are four objectives of initial assessments?
Form a general impression of the patient
Assess mental status
Assess ABCs
Identify priority patients
5
What does obtunded mean?
The patient does not perceive the environment fully and responds to stimuli appropriately but slowly
6
What does stuporous mean?
The patient is aroused by intense stimuli only. Motor response and reflex reactions are usually intact unless the patient is paralyzed
7
For alert patients, what four things do you check to assess the patient's orientation?
Memory of:
Person (who they are)
Place (where they are)
Time (day,month,year)
Event (what happened)
8
What three things do you check for when assessing circulation?
Pulse
Bleeding
Skin condition (temp, moisture, color)
9
What is the lining of the eyelid called?
Conjunctiva
10
What are the three steps in a focused history/physical exam for trauma patients with a significant mechanism of injury?
Rapid trauma assessment
Baseline vitals/SAMPLE
Transport
11
What are the three steps of focused history/physical exam for patients with no significant mechanism of injury?
Focused assessment based on chief complaint
Baseline vitals/SAMPLE
Transport
12
What are three goals of focused history/physical exam?
Identify the patient's chief complaint
Understand the specific circumstances surrounding the chief complaint
Direct further physical examination
13
What are occult injuries?
Injuries you can't see with your eyes
14
What does DCAP-BTLS stand for?
Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Puncture/penetration
Burns
Tenderness
Laceration
Swelling
15
What is subcutaneous emphysema?
Air under the skin
16
What are retractions?
When the skin pulls around the ribs during inspiration
17
What is paradoxical motion?
When one section of the chest falls on inspiration while the remainder of the chest rises
18
What is paradoxical motion associated with?
Flail chest
19
What causes Rales (crackles)?
Oxygen passing through moisture in the bronchoalveolar system or from closed alveoli opening abruptly
FLUID IN SMALLER AIRWAYS
20
What two things are Rales associated with?
Congestive heart failure
Bronchitis
21
What is Rhonchi?
Continuous sounds with a lower pitch and a rattling quality
22
What four things is Rhonchi associated with?
Congestive heart failure
Pulmonary edema
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
FLUID IN LARGER AIRWAYS
23
When is Rhonchi usually heard?
During exhalation
24
What four things cause stridor?
Bacterial epiglottitis
Viral croup
Swelling from upper airway burns
Partial foreign body airway obstruction
25
What is wheezing?
A high-pitched whistling noise that is usually more prominent during exhalation
26
What three things is wheezing associated with?
Asthma
Bronchitis
Other processes that cause constriction of the bronchioles (bronchospasm)
27
When is mild wheezing typically heard?
Expiration
28
When is moderate wheezing typically heard?
Inspiration and expiration
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