BigPicGeneticsLEC10 Flashcards
What characters are infuenced by both genetic and environmental factors?
Multifactorial characters!
What is the phenotypic range of genotype/colors that is influenced by the environment?
The norm of reaction!
Is a phenotype just the way an organism looks?
No! It is also the way they act, and the way their body acts. (Appearance, anatomy, physiology, and behavior.)
Genes don’t direct an organism a specific way, genes can turn on & off based upon?
It’s history, it’s parent’s history, and so on. Phenotype is a combination of an organism’s genes and it’s unique environment.
Why are humans not convenient subjects for genetic research?
We breed very slowly. But the study of human genetics is rapidly advancing, meaning we are still evolving.
What describes the relationship of parents and offspring across generations, and is a family tree?
A pedigree!
What is a pedigree used for?
Trancing patterns of particular traits, and make predictions about future offspring.
What are recessive disorders that show up only in individuals homozygous for the allele?
Genetic disease!
Who are heterozygous individuals that are phenotypically normal, but carries genetic disorders that are inherited recessively?
Carriers!
What genetic disease cause errors in the hemoglobin protein in red blood cells?
Sickle-cell disease! It had affected 1 out of 500 African-Americans. About 1,000 US babies a year. Symtoms include weakness, pain, organ damage, and even paralysis. Just one slight change in one protein can be deadly.
What genetic disease caused these symtoms?
・Thick mucus buildup in the lungs
・Digestive problems
Cystic Fibrosis!
What is the process of matings between relatives, and can increase the the probability of the appearance of a genetic disease?
Consanguineous matings!
Achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism that is LETHAL when homozyous for the dominant allele, this is an example of?
A dominantly inherited disorder!
Many human diseases have both genetic and environmental components. Examples?
Heart disease and cancer!
For parents who are concern about a family history for a specific disease, what can they do to find out if they are carriers or not?
Genetic testing! Tests are available to identify carriers and define the odds. This is why people have a blood test before marriage.
