LEC2

Question 1

A cell is the little bits of the environment that are enclosed by what?

Answer 1

A membrane!

Question 2

Cells has this molecule that is used for storing genetic information. What is it?

Answer 2

DNA!

Question 3

What are two main forms of cells?

Answer 3

Prokaryotic, and Eukaryotic.

Question 4

Are human cells Eukaryotic, or Prokaryotic?

Answer 4

Eukaryotic!

Question 5

What does Eukaryotic cells contain?

Answer 5

They contain various organelles. Ex: Nucleus, mitochondria, ribozones, etc. DNA are found in the nucleus.

Question 6

How are Prokaryotic cells different from Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 6

They don’t have membrane-enclosed organelles, or nucleus. DNA is just loose inside them. Example of this cell is bactria.

Question 7

What is the branch of biology that names and classifies organisms into different groups?

Answer 7

Taxonomy!

Question 8

A named group of organisms is called a what?

Answer 8

A taxon!

Ex: Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, and Domain.

Question 9

What do you call someone who does taxon naming?

Answer 9

A Taxonomist!

Question 10

At the largest scale, life is classified into three domains. They are the first three branches of the great tree of life. What are they?

Answer 10

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Question 11

Which ones of the three domains are prokaryotes?

Answer 11

Bacteria, and Archaea. They don’t have a nucleus!

Question 12

Which one of the three domains are eukaryotes?

Answer 12

Eukaryra! Which is the protist, plants, fungi, and animals.

Question 13

Name, and order the 8 taxons from biggest to smallest.

Answer 13

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.

Question 14

As diverse as life is, it also shows remarkable what? Give an example.

Answer 14

Unity! Cilia is both found in a cell called Paramecium, and human’s windpipe.

Question 15

What explains both unity, and diversity?

Answer 15

Evolution! The history of life on this planet is an ancient one, a changing one, and we’re all descendant of a common ancester. That is the tree.

Question 16

Who published “On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection”, and in what year?

Answer 16

Charles Darwin, In 1859. But he wasn’t the only one who came up with this idea. Alfred Russel Wallace published his version on the same day.

Question 17

What are the two main points made from “The Origin of Species?”

Answer 17

1) Similarity among species can be explained by descent with modification.
2) Natural selection is what causes organisms to adapt to their environments, which produce their exquisite adaptations.

Question 18

Is natural selection the same as evolution?

Answer 18

No! Natural selection leads to evolution, it drives it.

Question 19

What is natural selection?

Answer 19

The process that occurs when some individuals reproduce more than others.

Question 20

Darwin proposed that natural selection could what?

Answer 20

Enable an ancestral species to split into two or more descendant species, resulting in a “tree of life”.

Question 21

Each species is a twig on the tree of life, with branches extending back in time through ancestral species. What does this mean?

Answer 21

All living things on Earth are connected through their evolutionary history.

Question 22

Name two main processes, biology/biologist use to learn about the world.

Answer 22

Discovery science, and Hypothesis-based science.

Question 23

What describes nature through careful observation and analysis?

Answer 23

Discovery science.

Question 24

Scientists collect data that can be what?

Answer 24

Qualitative, and quantitative.

Question 25

Scientists proceed by trying to answer specific questions, usually involves proposing and testing what?

Answer 25

Hypothesis!

Question 26

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 26

・€A possible explanation
・€An educated guess
・€A tentative answer to a well-framed question.

Question 27

A good hypothesis makes (what) that can be tested with experiments?

Answer 27

Predictions!

Question 28

These expectations are the predictions that a particular hypothesis makes. What are they?

Answer 28

IF/THEN statements.

IF a hypothesis is correct, THEN we can expect a particlular come.

Question 29

What two important qualities a scientific hypothesis must have?

Answer 29

It must be testable, and falsifiable.

There must be some observation or experiment that could reveal if it is not true.