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Biodiversity > ProtistZooLEC23 > Flashcards

ProtistZooLEC23 Flashcards

1
Q

What are stromatolites?

A

The oldest known fossils that has layers of bacteria & sediments that dates back (3.5 million years).

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2
Q

How are stromatolites form?

A

Individual cells attach to each other with their fimbriae, and they get covered by a layer of sediments. They grow through the sediments, & form another layer. The fimbriaes keeps geting cover up & press down & thus created the stromatolites.

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3
Q

True or false? The process of making stromatolites 3.5 billion years ago, can still be seen today in Mexican lagoons. Those bacteria have a successful way of living on earth.

A

TRUE

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4
Q

When did stromatolites in Shark Bay, Australia began forming?

A

about 3,000 years ago

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5
Q

The last eons, which is Phanerozoic, is split into what?

A

3 eras.
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic

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6
Q

Humans are found in what era?

A

Cenozoic

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7
Q

If earth’s history is like a clock how many second before midnight did humans arrive?

A

3 second

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8
Q

We can see menagerie in pond water with our eyes & with low-power microscope. What are these organisms called?
Ex. Amoeba (Ameba)

A

Protists

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9
Q

Are protist prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

A

eukaryotes

・€they might be in your sushi

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10
Q

In the 6 kingdoms of life, what kind of clade are protists?

A

Paraphyletic
To make a protista a valid clade, include the plantae, fungi, & Animalia.
In other words, humans are protists too.

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of protists?

A

・€They are more diverse than other eukaryotes.
・€They are major components of plankton
・€Most of them are unicellular

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12
Q

Protists, the most nutritionally diverse eukaryotes, include:

A
  • Photoautotrophs, which contains chloroplasts: get food from sun
  • Heterotrophs, which ingest other organisms
  • Mixotrophs, which can do either
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13
Q

Where do protists primary live in?

A

aquatic environments

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14
Q

What are protozoans? Where can we find them?

Ex. of Giardia intestinalis

A
  • single-celled wigglers that some live in anaerobic environments.
  • our intestines
  • they are pathogens, don’t want to drink out of stream. Deers also suffer from Giardia intestinalis.
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15
Q

Euglenozoans move with what?

What form of nutrition do they have?

A

-flagella
-mixotrophs
One of great pets for microbiologists

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16
Q

Some Kinetoplastids are what?

What is a example of this?

A
  • pathogens

- trypanosome

17
Q

What do trypanosome causes in humans? What do they prey on? Are they fatal? What are they carried by?

A
  • sleeping sickness, puts you in a coma
  • red blood cells
  • always fatal if untreated
  • tsetse fly, found across Africa
18
Q

What is the disease Darwin may have suffered from the New World version? How do you get rid of it?

A
  • the chagas disease a.k.a flesh eating disease

- daily doses of heavy metal injected to your body

19
Q

What are Apicomplexans? Why are they named this way?

A
  • Another animal parasites

- they have one pointy end, the apex, used for penetrating tissues

20
Q

Most parasitic apicomplexans have life cycles that requires how many different host species?
Ex. Malaria

A

2 or more

*Wallace had malaria that gave him the fever dream which gave him the idea for Evolution

21
Q

What are Dinoflagellates? What are their little unique shells made out of?

A
  • protists that are abundant marine phytoplankton.

- made out of the same materials that plants’ cell walls are made out of which is called cellulose

22
Q

Paramecium exchange their DNA during what?

A

-conjugation

23
Q

Rapid growth of some dinoflagellates is responsible for causing what?

A
  • “red tides” which can be toxic to fishes & humans

- jubilee

24
Q

What about dinoflagellates is stunning?

A

their phosphorescence, they glow in the dark

25
Q

What are phytoplanktons? Why are they important?

A
  • green organisms in the oceans that does the most photosynthesis on the planet
  • helps change the atmosphere & provide nutrients to the entire ocean food change
26
Q

What are oomycetes that infects poppy seeds? What were they considered? What are they composed of?

A
  • water molds
  • fungi, but we now know that they are protists
  • filaments
  • kills our pet fishes
27
Q

How can Oomycetes’ impact can be big?

A
  • Irish Channel

- Infection of potatoes

28
Q

What is conjugation? Is it the same as reproduction?

A
  • a sexual process that produces Genetic variation

- no, it is seperate from it, which generally occurs by binary fission

29
Q

What are ciliates? How are they named?

Ex. Paramecium

A
  • a large group of protists
  • named by their use of cilia to move & feed
  • Another great pet
30
Q

What are Diatoms? They are major component of what?

A
  • unicellular algae with a unique glass-like wall of silica
  • phytoplankton
  • gets energy from the sun
31
Q

Sediments known as diatomaceous earth are made up of what? Where can they be found?

A
  • Fossilized diatoms
  • in layers of the white cliff of dover
  • They are super tiny shards of glass, and can be used to kill snails, insects, & flees
32
Q

What are foraminiferans/forams? They are commonly what?

A
  • amoebalike protists named for their multichambered shells. short spiral shell
  • Fossilized
  • you can fossil diatoms from m.y.a, right up to the ones that are living today
33
Q

What can fossilized diatoms/little shells of calcium carbonate tell us?

A

sea levels, temperature, & ocean conditions of Earth mya

34
Q

What can be determine by counting deformed foraminifera in the gulf of Mexico?

A

The environmental impact of the oil spill

35
Q

How do Amoebozoans envelop their prey?

A

by exending their bodies into lobe-shaped pseudopodia

36
Q

Where do Gymnamoebas commonly live in & what do they consume?

A
  • soil, freshwater, & marine environments

- bacteria & other protists

37
Q

What are entamoebas? what do they cause?

A
  • parasite protist

- causes amebic dysentery in humans

38
Q

Slime molds, or mycetozoans found on logs & rotten leaves are thought to be what? what are they actually?

A

a fungi, DNA studies show that they are giant amoebas

39
Q

What are slime molds and what do they do with dead matter?

A
  • a giant single cell with millions of nucli inside
  • it feeds on it & break it down
  • moves slowly while extending it’s pseudopodia

Biodiversity (37 decks)

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