GeneticsLEC7 Flashcards
What is the raw material for evolution?
Genetic Variation!
Thanks to meiosis, each of your gametes ends up with what?
Half of a your genes.
- Each gametes has a unique mix of the parent’s genes.
- This explains why every sibling is unique.
Before Mendel came along, what was the major explanation of heredity?
The blending hypothesis!
- The idea that genetic material contributed by parents mixes, like blue and yellow paints to make green.
Mendel figured out that we pass on discrete heritable units of information called?
Genes!
Why did Mendel chose to work with peas?
They had different varieties, and he could control which peas to mate with which.
A heritable feature, such as flower color, is called?
Character!
A variant of a character, such as purple or white flowers, is called?
Trait!
Alternative versions of genes is called what? How many of it are necessary to produce traits?
Alleles! Two! These can be found in homologous pair of chromosomes.
If two alleles at a locus differ, what type of alleles does this homologous pair have?
A (dominant) one that determines the organism’s appearance, and a (recessive) one that has no noticeable effect.
When gametes are formed, each pair of alleles seperates and they end up in different gametes. What is this law called?
The Law of segregation!
What is an organism’s physical appearance called?
Phenotype!
What is an organism’s genetic makeup called?
Genotype!
An organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a particular gene is called?
Homozygous!
An organism that has a pair of different alleles for a particular gene is called?
Heterozygous!
Who discovered the mechanisms of inhertance: Mendelian genetics?
Gregor Mendel!
He found this out with peas.
First person to explain 3:1 ratio Inheritance pattern in F2 Generation.
