Descent/ModificationLEC14 Flashcards

1
Q

The modern era of biology began on what date? Who made this possible?

A

November 24, 1859!

Charles Darwin & Alfred Russell Wallace

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2
Q

How did Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed species as?

A

Fixed and unchanging.

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3
Q

What did Carolus Linnaeus believe? Whats did he create?

A

He believed that god designed species for a purpose.

Created the Linnaean system of classisfying species “for the greater glory of god”.

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4
Q

What is the study of fossils? Who develope it?

A

Paleontology!

Largely developed by French scientist Georges Cuvier.

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5
Q

Cuvier advocated what, speculating that each boundary between strata represents a catastrophe?

A

Catastrophism!

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6
Q

Who strongly influenced Darwin before he began thinking about evolution?
What did they perceived?

A

British geologist Hutton and Lyell!

Perceived that changes in earth’s surface is caused by gradual actions still going on today.

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7
Q

What is gradualism?

A

The idea that profound change can take place through the cumulative effect of slow, continuous processes.

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8
Q

What did Lamarck hypothesized?

A

Species evolve through the inheritance of acquired traits.

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9
Q

How did Harvard biologist Ernist Mayr layout Darwin’s theory?

A

1: Not all offspring survive and reproduce.
2: Resources are limited, so there is a struggle for existence.
3: No two individuals are exactly alike.
Therefore: Only some individuals will survive & reproduce.

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10
Q

For 300 years the idea that the earth revolve around the sun was heretical. When did the church apologized for imprisoning Galileo?

A

Not until 1992.

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11
Q

What are Darwin’s other accomplishments?

A

・€He earned a degree in theology.
・Made first big find of giant extinct animals.
・Went to the Galapagos on the HMS Beagle, where his interest in biogeography was kindled.

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12
Q

What did Darwin began to perceive as closely related processes?
Ex. Finches and Iguanas

A

Adaptation to the environment and the origin of species.

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13
Q

What is the order of years that lead to Darwin publishing his work?

A

1844 wrote essay about his finds
1858 Manuscript sent from Wallence
1859 rushed work and finally got it published.

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14
Q

What are Asian, African, and Forest elephants related to?

A

Hyraxes & Manatees.

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15
Q

What was the thought about species in the 19th century?

A

That species remain unchanged since their creation.

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16
Q

What two major points did Darwin and Wallace made? What are the two main ideas?

A
  • All organisms are related by a ancestral species.-Natural selection caused diversity.
  • Evolution explains life’s unity & diversity.
  • Natural selection causes evolution.