Flashcards in Block 2 high yield Deck (97)
1
alpha/beta T cells
bind MHC I and II
2
gamma/delta T cells
bind dirctly w/o MHC
protect mucosal surfaces
3
T cell
IFN-y
angry mac's
Th1
4
like Th1 but more powerful
Th17
5
Th's promote healing
Th2
6
Th's
help B-cells activate and class switch
Thf
7
Th's
IL-10
Tregs
8
APC --- T cell binding
first signal molecules
APC MHC ---- TCR (CD8 or CD4)
9
APC --- T cell co-stim
APC B7 (CD 80/86) ---- T cell CD28
10
APC ---- T cell
adhesion
APC ICAM 1/3 ----- T cell LFA-1
11
2 general T cell activators
IL-2
IL-15
12
Th1 activators
IL-12
INF-y
13
Th2 activator
IL-4
14
down regulates Th1's
IL-10
15
down regulates Th1's and 2's
TGF-B
16
FAS
target cell receptor inducing caspase --> apoptosis
17
FAS ligand
T-cell molecule --> binds FAS --> apoptosis of target cell
18
most abundant Ig
crosses placenta
IgG
19
first, biggest Ig
IgM
20
B cell membrane Ig....that's all
IgD
21
Ig in secretions
IgA
22
Ig attaches to Mast cells
IgE
23
IgE mediated hypersensitivity
Type 1
24
Automimmune Ig mediated hypersensitivity
Type 2
25
Immune complex mediates hypersensitivity
Type 3
26
T-cell mediated hypersensitivity
Type 4
27
No B-cells
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
28
failure of Ig class switching
CD40 ligand def
or
Activation induced Cytidine deaminase def
29
failure to produce Ig's against certain antigens
common variable immunodeficiency
30
VDJ recombination failure... no BCR or TCR
Omenn Syndrome
31
failure to produce mature T-cells
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency
32
failure of thymus development
DiGeorge Syndrome
33
CD8/NKs don't release granules
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
34
point mutation in B-globin chain
Sickle cell
35
Howell-Jolly bodies
Sickle cell
36
Pappenheimer bodies
Sickle cell
37
Can't make enough a or B globin
Thalassemia
38
Morphology of thalassemia
hypochromic
microcytic
39
Basophilic stippling
thalassemia
40
Demographic for a-thalassemia
Asians, blacks
41
Demographic for B-thalassemia
Mediterranean
Asian
Black
42
Bite cells
G6PD deficiency
43
Heinz bodies
G6PD deficiency
44
Schistocytes
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
**severely deformed cells
45
Triangulocytes
MAHA
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
46
Fe absorption OK
...release of Fe screwed up due to overproduction of...
...HEPCIDIN
can't get Fe into Hgb
Anemia of Chronic Disease
47
Three labs to differentiate ACD from IDA:
ACD:
-dec TIBC
-inc ferritin
-inc marrow storage Fe
IDA:
-inc TIBC
-dec ferritin
-dec marrow storage Fe
48
lack of EPO
ESRD
ECHINOCYTES (spiny RBCs)
Anemia of Renal Disease
49
Pancytopenia
Empty Marrow
usually idiopathic
Aplastic anemia
50
C4b2a
C3 convertase
51
Complement proteins that covalently bind bacteria
C4b
C3b
52
C4b2a3b
C5 convertase
53
Complement pathway activated by antigen-antibody complexes:
Classical
54
Complement pathway activated by polysaccharides on microbes:
Mannose-binding lectin pathway
55
Complement pathway activated by LPS, foreign surfaces, nucleophiles:
Alternative
56
C1q, C1r, C1s, C4, C2
Classical pathway
57
MBL
MASP-1
MASP-2
Mannose binding lectin pathway
58
C3
H20
Factor B
Factor D
Properdin
Alternative pathway
59
C5, C6, C7, C8, C9
Terminal lytic pathway
MAC attack (Neisseria)
60
Ig's involved in Classical pathway?
IgG (2)
IgM
61
Protects human cells from C3b binding:
sialic acid
62
C3bBb
Alternative pathway's C3-convertase
63
Stabilizes C3bBb
Properdin
64
C3bBbC3b
Alternative pathway's C5-convertase
65
CD59
Protectin
inhibits binding of C9
66
Binds C3bBb floating around and dissociates the Bb
Factor H
67
Uncontrolled complement activation leading to consumption of C4 and C2:
C1 Inh deficiency
**inhibits C1 esterase which cleaves C4/C2
68
CD35
CR1
Transport of immune complexes by RBC
69
Transport of immune complexes by RBC
CR1 (CD35) --- binds C3b
70
binds C3d, C3dg, iC3b
on B cells, activated T cells, epithelial cells
increases humoral immunity
high affinity for EBV
CR2 (CD21)
71
CR3
CR4
cell adhesion
72
Rh factor refers to which antigen?
D
73
In massive hemorrhage, transfuse with:
Whole blood
74
In low hgb, transfuse with:
Red cells
75
to reduce alloimmunization and allergic rxns, transfuse with:
Leukocyte-reduced Red-cells
76
Storage of rare blood types:
Frozen Red Cells
77
In sepsis and neutropenic patients, transfuse:
Granulocytes
78
In bleeding due to thrombocytopenia, transfuse with:
Platelets
79
In bleeding due to multiple factor deficiencies, transfuse with:
Fresh Frozen Plasma
80
low fibrinogen, vW disease, hemophilia A, factor XIII deficiency, transfuse with:
Cryoprecipitate
81
hemophilia A, transfuse with:
factor VIII
82
hemophilia B, transfuse with:
factor IX
83
hypovolemia, hypoproteinemia, transfuse with:
albumin
84
disease prophylaxis, AI disease, immune deficiency states, transfuse with:
IvIg
85
Adding antibodies and then anti-anitbody antibodies to patients red cells:
Forward type
86
adding reagent red cells to patient serum, then adding AHG:
Reverse type
87
H+ decrease
P-CO2 decrease
Temp decrease
with regards to hgb-O2 binding.
increases affinity
curve shifts left
88
H+ increase
P-CO2 increase
temp increase
BPG increase
with regards to hgb-O2 binding.
decreased affinity
curve shifts right
89
benzocaine
methemoglobin
90
Acites in cirrhosis due to:
reduced protein
oncotic pressure sends fluid out of vessels
91
defect in RBC cytoskeleton
hereditary spherocytosis
92
Prevention for hemolytic disease of the newborn:
Rhogam
93
Tx for jaundice newborn:
phototherapy
94
Tx in severe HDN:
exchange transfusion
95
Causes of mature lymphocytosis:
infectious
Bordetella pertussis
transient stress
96
causes of reactive lymphocytosis
infectious mono
peds viral infx
viral hepatitis
immune disorders
97