chapter 10

Question 1

what is visual imagery

Answer 1

seeing in the absence of a visual stimulus

Question 2

why is visual imagery important

Answer 2

provides a way of thinking that adds another dimension to purely verbal techniques

Question 3

what is mental imagery

Answer 3

experiencing a sensory impression in the absence of sensory input
- could be any senses

Question 4

what is known as the mind’s eye

Answer 4

visual imagery

Question 5

imagery and the cognitive revolution

Answer 5

developed ways to measure behavior that could be used to infer cognitive processes
- paired associate learning

Question 6

Paivio and imagery

Answer 6

• conceptual peg hypothesis

Question 7

Shepard & Metzler and imagery

Answer 7

• mental chronometry

Question 8

what is conceptual peg hypthoesis

Answer 8

memory for words that evoke mental images is better than for those that do not

Question 9

what is mental chronometry

Answer 9

mentally rotating an object to see if it matches another object

Question 10

what are the spatial correspondence between imagery and perception

Answer 10

• mental scanning

Question 11

what is mental scanning

Answer 11

participants create mental images and then scan them in their minds

Question 12

what did kosslyn study

Answer 12

mental scanning

Question 13

what was the results of kosslyn mental scanning experiment

Answer 13

took longer for participants to mentally move longer distances than shorter distances

Question 14

true or false: like perception imagery is spatial

Answer 14

true

Question 15

is imagery influenced by top down or bottom up processing

Answer 15

top down

Question 16

what were the results of Lea experiment

Answer 16

• more distractions when scanning longer distances may have increased the reaction time

Question 17

what causes distractions

Answer 17

interesting things that are encountered during the mental scan

Question 18

what were the results of Kosslyn experiment (locations)

Answer 18

it took longer to scan between greater distances

Question 19

what is the relationship between viewing distance and ability to perceive details

Answer 19

when imagining small objects next to large objects it is quicker to detect details on the larger object

Question 20

why is it easier to get details out of larger objects

Answer 20

• the object fills more of your visual field
• details are easier to observe

Question 21

what is the mental walk task

Answer 21

moving closer to small animals will than turn to large animals

Question 22

epiphernomenon definition

Answer 22

accompanies real mechanism but is not actually a part of it

Question 23

true or false: spatial representation is an epiphenomenon

Answer 23

true

Question 24

what did Pylshyn proposed

Answer 24

imagery is propositional
- can be represented by abstract symbols

Question 25

what is the imagery debate between

Answer 25

whether imagery is propositional or depictive

Question 26

what is alluded to when saying imagery has propositional representation

Answer 26

symbols and language

Question 27

what is alluded to when saying imagery has depictive representation

Answer 27

similar to realistic pictures

Question 28

what were the experiment results of Perky

Answer 28

- people mistake actual picture for a mental image

Question 29

true or false: imagery neurons respond to only perceiving objects not imagining objects

Answer 29

false - both

Question 30

why do imagery neurons respond to both perceiving and imagining of an object

Answer 30

- overlap in brain activation - visual cortex

Question 31

what did Ganis discover about perception and imagery in the brain

Answer 31

- complete overlap of activation by perception and imagery happens in front of the brain - differences near the back of the brain

Question 32

what did Amedi discover with perception and imagery in the brain

Answer 32

- overlap is detected between brain areas - mental images are more fragile and less activation keeps other things from interfering

Question 33

what are the deactiviation of nonvisual areas of the brain (amedi)

Answer 33

hearing and touch

Question 34

what is the connection of brain activity and imagery

Answer 34

- may indicate something is happening - many not cause imagery

Question 35

what is the difference between perception and imagery

Answer 35

- perception is automatic and stable - imagery takes effort and is fragile

Question 36

what was the result of Chalmers and Reisberg experiment

Answer 36

difficult to flip from one perception to another while holding a mental image of it

Question 37

what is spatial imagery

Answer 37

ability to visualize spatial relations

Question 38

how is spatial imagery measured

Answer 38

paper folding test

Question 39

what is object imagery

Answer 39

ability to visualize details, features, and objects

Question 40

how is object imagery measured

Answer 40

vividness of visual imagery questionnaire

Question 41

what is aphantasia

Answer 41

an inability to generate mental images voluntarily

Question 42

what does aphantasia do to working memory

Answer 42

- creates difficulties with working memory task that include a visual component

Question 43

true or false: visual search can be impaired from aphantasia

Answer 43

true

Question 44

how does imagery help improve memory

Answer 44

- placing images at locations - method of loci

Question 45

what is method of loci

Answer 45

visualizing items to be remembered in different locations in a mental image of a spatial layout