Degenerative Disease Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Degenerative Disease Deck (28)
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1
Q

What are common features of Neurodegenerative diseases?

A

Aetiology unknown
Gradual onset
Loss of neurons
Late onset

2
Q

What is the definition of dementia?

A

A syndrome consisting of progressive impairment of multiple domains of cognitive function in alert patients leading to loss of acquired skills & interference in social & occupational role

3
Q

What are the main risk factors for dementia?

A

Age
Alcohol
Genetic?

4
Q

What are some of the causes of late onset dementia?

A

Alzheimers
Lewy Body
Vascular

5
Q

What are some of the causes of ealry onset dementia?

A

Alzheimers
Vascular
Frontotemporal
Other

6
Q

What are some of the OTHER causes of early onset dementia?

A

Alcohol
Genetic (Huntingtons)
Infection (HIV, CJD)
Inflammatory (MS)

7
Q

What are some of the treatable causes of dementia?

A

Vit B12 deficiency
Endocrine - thyroid disease
Infective - HIV

8
Q

What are some differentials associated with dementia?

A

Hydrocephalus (NP)
Depression
Tumour

9
Q

What investigations may be done in dementia?

A

Bloods
CT/MRI
LP - CSF for inflammatory markers
EEG

10
Q

What tests may you carry out on examination?

A

MMSE
MOCA
Neuropsychological test

11
Q

What domains of cognitive function does the MOCA test?

A
Memory 
Attention 
Laguage
Visuospatial
Behaviour 
Emotion 
Executive function 
Apraxias
Agnosias
12
Q

What are some clues to diagnosing dementia?

A

Cognitive decline

Slow progression

13
Q

In which type of dementia would a stepwise progression be observed?

A

Vascular

14
Q

Which type of dementia is associated with Parkinsons?

A

Lewy Body

15
Q

What is the commonest neurodegenerative condition?

A

Alzheimers

16
Q

What symptoms will temporo-parietal dementia present with?

A

Early memory disturbance
Language & visuospatial problems
Personality preserved

17
Q

What symptoms will be observed in fronts-temporal dementia?

A

Early change in personality & behaviour
Early dysphagia
Memory relatively preserved

18
Q

What non-pharmacological treatments can be supplied for dementia patient?

A

Information & support
Social work
Occupational therapist

19
Q

What specific pharmacological treatments can be given for Alzheimers disease?

A

Anticholinsterases (Donepezil, rivastigmine)

NMDA antagonist (mematine)

20
Q

What treatment can be given in FT dementia?

A

None

21
Q

What is Parkinsons disease?

A
A clinical syndrome with >2 of:
Bradykinesia
Tremor
Ridigity 
Postrural Instability
22
Q

Where is pathology observed in the brain of Parksinsons?

A

Loss of dominergic neurons in Basal ganglia

23
Q

What are some of the causes of Parkinsons?

A

Idiopathic Parkinsons disease
Drug induced
Vascular parkinsons

24
Q

What age does Parkinsons usually present?

A

70/80s

25
Q

What helps to confirm diagnosis of parkinson’s?

A

Symptoms (bradykinesia & other symptom)

Response to dopamine replacement therapy

26
Q

What type of medication can be given to parkinson’s patient?

A

Levadopa
COMT inhibitor
MOAB inhibitor
Dopamine agonist

27
Q

When can motor fluctuations be observed in parkinson’s patient?

A

When Levodopa wears off

28
Q

What parkinson’s drugs can be administered in continuous infusion?

A

Duodopa

Apomorphine