Muscle & Nerve Disease Flashcards Preview

Neurology > Muscle & Nerve Disease > Flashcards

Flashcards in Muscle & Nerve Disease Deck (26)
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1
Q

What are the symptoms associated with muscle disease?

A
Weakness of muscle 
Breathing problems 
Poor swallowing 
Cardiomyopathy
Cramp
Pain, stiffness
2
Q

What are the signs of muscle disease?

A

Wasting/ weakness
Reduced reflexes and tone
Motor weakness NOT sensory

3
Q

What investigations associated with muscle disease would you carry out?

A

CK
EMG
Muscle Biopsy

4
Q

What are some of the congenital/ genetic classes of muscle disease?

A

Muscular dystrophies
Congenital myopathies
Channelopathies
Enzyme

5
Q

What are some of the acquired causes of muscle disease?

A

Metabolic (low Ca, K)
Endocrine
Inflammatory muscle disease
Iatrogenic

6
Q

What is the mutation observed in Duchennes muscular dystrophy?

A

Dystrophin protein

7
Q

What are the different types of dystrophies?

A

Duchennes
Beckers
Myotonic dystrophy
Limb-Girdle

8
Q

What channels do channel-patties affect

A

Ca, K, Na, Cl

9
Q

In metabolic muscle disease, what are the different types?

A

Exercise induced

Fixed weakness

10
Q

What are the causes of metabolic muscle disease?

A

Disorders of CHO/ FA metabolism

Mitochondrial myopathies

11
Q

What is inflammation of the muscle called?

A

Polymyositis

12
Q

What signalling molecule observed at the NMJ?

A

Ach

13
Q

What is the clinical presentation of myasthenia gravis?

A
Fatiguable weakness 
Limbs
Eyelids
Muscles of mastication 
Swallow 
Talking
SOB 
diplopia
14
Q

What investigations are useful in MG?

A

AChR ab
Anti MuSK ab
Neurophysiology

15
Q

What is the management for MG?

A

Anticholinesterase
Immunosuppression
Prednisolone

16
Q

What fibres are present in a peripheral nerve?

A

Sensory afferent (small fibres - pain & temp, large fibres - touch, pressure, vib)
Motor efferent
Autonomic axons

17
Q

What general symptoms are observed in peripheral neuropathy?

A

Motor
Sensory
(Moves from distal to proximal)

18
Q

What are some of the causes of generalised peripheral neuropathy?

A
Diabetes
Alcohol
VitB12 déficiency 
Drugs 
Lyme disease
HIV
Guillain Barre syndrome
19
Q

What symptoms will be observed in nerve rot disease?

A

Myotomal wasting & weakness
Reflex change
Dermatomal sensory change

20
Q

What symptoms are observed in disease of individual nerve?

A

Wasting & weakness of innervated muscle

21
Q

What are some of the investigations used for nerve disease?

A

Blood tests
Nerve conduction studies
Lumbar puncture
Nerve biopsy

22
Q

What is another name for Motor Neuron disease?

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

23
Q

What are some characteristic of the symptoms of MND?

A

Combination of UMN & LMN signs
Sensation spared
No sphincter involvement

24
Q

What UMN lesions are observed in MND?

A

Increased tone

Brisk reflexes

25
Q

What LMN lesions are observed in MND?

A

Wasting
Fasciculations
Weakness

26
Q

What supportive treatment can be given in MND?

A
SALT
Physio
OT
PED feed
Non-invasive ventilation