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Flashcards in Head injury Deck (26)
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1
Q

What is a primary insult to the head?

A

Focal/diffuse head trauma

2
Q

What is a secondary insult to the head?

A

Hypotension
Hypoxia
Infection
Haematoma

3
Q

What does GCS assess?

A

Conscious level of patient

4
Q

What would the GCS be in mild head injury?

A

13-15

5
Q

What would the GCS be in moderate head injury?

A

9-12

6
Q

What would the GCS be in severe head injury?

A

3-8

7
Q

What are the different things that GCS assesses and what are the scores?

A
Eye opening (4)
Verbal response (5)
Motor response (6)
8
Q

What score will a comatose patient score?

A

3

9
Q

What are the 5 layers of the Scalp?

A
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
10
Q

What consists of the hindbrain? Where are they found in the skull?

A

Cerebellum & brainstem

Posterior cranial fossa

11
Q

What is the foramen which the medulla oblongata moves through?

A

Foramen magnum

12
Q

What are the different areas of the skull base called?

A

Anterior/ Middle/ Posterior fossa

13
Q

What type of skull fracture will form if there is a focal impact?

A

Depressed fracture

14
Q

What type of skull fracture will form if there is a fall onto side or top of head?

A

Linear fracture

15
Q

What type of fracture occurs if it is fragmented?

A

Mosaic

16
Q

What type of skull fracture encircles the foramen magnum? What causes it?

A

Ring fracture

Fall from height, landing on feet

17
Q

What is a contra-coupe fracture?

A

A fracture that occurs to orbital plate after falling on back of head

18
Q

Where do extradural haemorrhages usually occur from?

A

Middle meningeal artery (pterion)

19
Q

In which type of haemorrhage is a lucid interval observed?

A

EDH

20
Q

Where does bleeding occur from in subdural haemorrhage?

A

Bridging veins

21
Q

In whom do SDHs occur?

A

Those with atrophic brains eg elderly, babies & alcoholics

22
Q

Where does bleeding occur in SAH?

A

Usually from ruptured berry aneurysm in cerebral artery

23
Q

Traumatic Basal SAH is usually a result of what?

A

Sudden forceful rotation of head resulting in rupture of vertebro-basilar system (killer punch)

24
Q

A coup contusion will occur where?

A

Following head trauma at the point of impact

25
Q

A contre-coup contusion will occur when?

A

Following head trauma, will occur opposite site of impact

26
Q

What situation is traumatic diffuse axonal injury associated with?

A

Road traffic accident