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Flashcards in C1 / Atlas Deck (44)
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1
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

A

atlas

2
Q

What features are lacking at C1?

A

vertebral body, pedicles, a spinous process and the intervertebral disc

3
Q

What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1?

A

longus colli

4
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1?

A

the anterior longitudinal, anterior atlanto-occipital and anterior atlanto-axial ligaments

5
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

A

the fovea dentis

6
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

they are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

7
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

8
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-occipital zygapophysis?

A

synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint

9
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

10
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, medial, downward (BMD)

11
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-axial zygapophysis?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

12
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?

A

tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

13
Q

What muscle attach to the lateral mass of C1?

A

levator scapula, splenius cervicis and rectus capitis anterior

14
Q

What is the contribution of the posterior arch to the circumference of C1?

A

about forty percent

15
Q

What part of C1 represents the spinous process?

A

posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

16
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender?

A

males: about fifty millimeters; females: about thirty-seven millimeters

17
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

18
Q

What superior surface modifications of the posterior arch of C1 are present?

A

groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery and arcuate rim

19
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1?

A

the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

20
Q

Ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification?

A

accessory bone

21
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed?

A

about age 7 years old

22
Q

What may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament?

A

a partial ponticulus posticus or complete ponticulus posticus

23
Q

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus?

A

Kimmerle’s anomaly

24
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus?

A

arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

25
Q

Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ethnic populations?

A

all ethnic populations studied thus far

26
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied?

A

1% - 41%

27
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus?

A

female

28
Q

What is the incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus versus an incomplete ponticulus posticus?

A

the incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus is about fifteen percent; the incidence of an incomplete ponticulus posticus may be as high as forty-one percent

29
Q

What joint classification(s) may be observed on the posterior arch of C1?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint

30
Q

What is the location of the “zygapophysis” relative to the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial intervertebral foramina?

A

it forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases

31
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1?

A

costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

32
Q

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at C1?

A

anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

33
Q

What muscle attach to the transverse process of C1?

A

rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapula, spenius cervicis, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior and intertransversarii muscles

34
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

35
Q

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called?

A

myodural bridges

36
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?

A

the lateral mass and the transverse process of altas

37
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed?

A

the retrotransverse foramen

38
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen?

A

the vertebral artery, a branch from the suboccipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

39
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is only observed in humans?

A

lateral bridges

40
Q

What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1?

A

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

41
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?

A

males: 78 millimeters and females: 72 millimeters

42
Q

What is the difference from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender?

A

a little over 30 millimeters for both males and females

43
Q

What joint classifications are observed at C1?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint, synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

44
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

five

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