What ligaments are present at the occipito-axial joint?
the apical ligament of the dens/apicodental ligament, alar ligament and membrane tectoria/tectorial membrane
What is the embryonic derivative of the apical ligament of the dens or the apicodental ligament?
the notochord
What are the attachments sites for the superficial layer of the membrane tectoria or tectorial membrane?
the posterior part of the inferior epiphyseal rim and vertebral body of C2 to the capsular ligament of the atlanto-occipital joint and cranial dura of the posterior cranial fossa
What are the attachment sites for the deep layer of the membrane tectoria or tectorial membrane?
the posterior part of the inferior epiphyseal rim and vertebral body of C2 to the periosteum behind the cruciate ligament attachment site on the anterior rim of the foramen magnum
**For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of flexion -extension?
about 90 degrees or about 18 degrees per couple
**For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of one side lateral bending?
about 50 degrees or about 10 degrees per couple
**For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of one side axial rotation?
about 33 degrees or about six degrees couple